Cláusulas y Conjunciones en Gramática

Definition and Types

• A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
• An independent clause stands alone as a complete sentence, conveying a complete thought.
• A dependent clause cannot stand alone; it expresses an incomplete thought and modifies or depends on the independent clause.
• Compound sentences contain two or more independent clauses connected by coordinating conjunctions.

Coordinating Conjunctions

• These link similar grammatical elements.
• They join independent clauses.
• Common coordinating conjunctions:
  • and (adds information, often positive)
  • but (indicates contrast)
  • or (implies a choice)
  • nor (implies a negative choice)
  • for (explains a reason)
  • so (shows a result)
  • yet (shows contrast, emphasizing unexpected results)

Subordinating Conjunctions

• These introduce dependent clauses, linking them to independent clauses.
• They reveal relationships between ideas.
• Examples of subordinating conjunctions:
  • after
  • although
  • as
  • as if
  • as long as
  • because
  • before
  • even if
  • if
  • in order that
  • since
  • so that
  • than
  • that
  • though
  • unless
  • until
  • when
  • where
  • while

Complex Sentences

• These sentences combine dependent and independent clauses.
• Dependent clauses usually begin with subordinating conjunctions.

Example Structures

• Independent clause + dependent clause
• Dependent clause + independent clause
• Sentences with multiple dependent clauses and one or more independent clauses

Complex Sentence Examples

• Example 1 (Independent clause + dependent clause): The dog barked loudly because it heard a noise.
• Example 2 (Dependent clause + independent clause): Although it was raining, I went for a walk.
• Example 3 (Multiple dependent clauses + independent clause): Since the weather was pleasant and the sun was shining brightly, we decided to have a picnic in the park, though the dogs might have gotten into the pie.

Punctuation in Complex Sentences

• Commas are essential in some complex sentences to separate dependent clauses from independent clauses.
• A comma is typically needed when the dependent clause precedes the independent clause. A comma is often not needed when the dependent clause follows the independent clause.

Compound-Complex Sentences

• These sentences include two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
• They combine features of compound and complex sentences.

Example Compound-Complex Sentence

• I went to the store, and I bought milk, although it was a bit expensive.

Importance of Understanding Complex Sentences

• Improved clarity and expression: Enhances written and spoken communication.
• Precise communication of ideas: Highlights relationships between ideas.
• Enhanced writing skills: Develops a multifaceted and engaging writing style.