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Questions and Answers
Every sample of pure substance has exactly the same composition and the same properties.
Every sample of pure substance has exactly the same composition and the same properties.
True (A)
What are the two categories of pure substances?
What are the two categories of pure substances?
Elements and Compounds
What is an element?
What is an element?
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form.
Why does an element have a fixed, uniform composition?
Why does an element have a fixed, uniform composition?
List an element that is a gas at room temperature.
List an element that is a gas at room temperature.
What's the symbol for carbon? Gold? Aluminum?
What's the symbol for carbon? Gold? Aluminum?
What's a compound?
What's a compound?
What does a compound always contain?
What does a compound always contain?
No two elements contain the ____ type of ____.
No two elements contain the ____ type of ____.
What do symbols allow scientists to do?
What do symbols allow scientists to do?
A _____ always contains at least two elements.
A _____ always contains at least two elements.
A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed.
A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed.
A compound can be broken down into simpler substances.
A compound can be broken down into simpler substances.
How is a mixture classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid?
How is a mixture classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid?
What mixture would classify the homogeneous mixture that forms when sugar dissolves in a glass of hot water?
What mixture would classify the homogeneous mixture that forms when sugar dissolves in a glass of hot water?
List the three types of mixtures based on particle size.
List the three types of mixtures based on particle size.
Is a solution homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Is a solution homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Is a colloid homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Is a colloid homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Is a suspension homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Is a suspension homogeneous or heterogeneous?
List an example of a suspension.
List an example of a suspension.
List an example of a solution.
List an example of a solution.
List an example of a colloid.
List an example of a colloid.
Define a heterogeneous mixture.
Define a heterogeneous mixture.
Define a homogeneous mixture.
Define a homogeneous mixture.
Do solution particles scatter light?
Do solution particles scatter light?
Do colloid particles scatter light?
Do colloid particles scatter light?
Do suspension particles scatter light?
Do suspension particles scatter light?
What's an example of a mixture? Why?
What's an example of a mixture? Why?
What two elements are liquids at room temperature?
What two elements are liquids at room temperature?
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Study Notes
Classifying Matter
- Every sample of a pure substance has the same composition and properties.
- Pure substances fall into two categories: Elements and Compounds.
Elements
- An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
- Elements have a fixed, uniform composition made up of one type of atom.
- Examples of gaseous elements at room temperature include Oxygen and Nitrogen.
- Common elemental symbols: Carbon (C), Gold (Au), and Aluminum (Al).
- No two elements contain the same type of atom.
Compounds
- A compound consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together.
- Compounds must include two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.
- Compounds have distinct properties from the elements that constitute them.
- Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances (elements or other compounds).
Mixtures
- Mixtures are classified as solutions, suspensions, or colloids based on particle size.
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture, such as sugar dissolved in hot water.
- Types of mixtures based on particle size:
- Solution
- Colloid
- Suspension
- Homogeneous mixtures have evenly distributed components; e.g., a spoon made of stainless steel.
- Heterogeneous mixtures have distinguishable components; e.g., a grain of sand.
Properties of Mixtures
- Solutions do not scatter light, appearing clear; e.g., windshield wiper fluid.
- Colloids scatter light and appear cloudy; e.g., milk or fog.
- Suspensions scatter light and are visibly separate; e.g., muddy water.
Miscellaneous
- Fruit salad is an example of a mixture because its composition can vary from one instance to another, leading to different flavors.
- Two liquid elements at room temperature are Bromine and Mercury.
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