34 Questions
Which bacteria are described as 'very fastidious' in the text?
Epsilon group
Which proteobacteria group includes both aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
Gamma proteobacteria
Which bacteria are described as obligately intracellular?
Both Chlamydia and Rickettsia
Which bacteria are described as forming symbiotic relationships with legumes?
Rhizobium
Which bacteria are described as being the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus?
Rickettsia
Which bacteria are described as requiring moisture and high concentrations of CO2 to grow?
Neisseria
Which bacteria are described as oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules instead of oxygen?
Purple sulfur bacteria
Which bacteria are described as being facultative intracellular parasites?
Intracellular pathogens
What is the correct order of the hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
Species – Sapien, Genus – Homo, Family – Hominidae, Order – Primates, Class – Mammalia, Phylum – Chordata, Kingdom – Animalia, Domain – Eukarya
What is the purpose of scientific nomenclature?
To provide a consistent naming system for organisms worldwide, regardless of language.
What does the suffix 'ales' typically indicate in scientific nomenclature?
Order
What was the initial standard for identifying and classifying organisms in the laboratory?
Bergy's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1923)
What is the basis for the classification of organisms in the second edition of Bergy's manual?
Differences in rRNA sequences
Which group of proteobacteria is known for living in nutrient-rich environments?
Beta proteobacteria
What is the characteristic of alpha proteobacteria?
They are oligotrophs, living in low-nutrient environments.
What is the significance of the proteobacteria phylum?
It is divided into five groups based on nucleotide sequences and rRNA.
What is the primary method used by taxonomists to group organisms into categories called taxa?
Examining their DNA and evolutionary history
According to the passage, which domain includes organisms that are prokaryotes and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
Domain Archaea
What is the main reason for the diversity of organisms, according to the passage?
Natural selection and the survival of stronger, more suitable traits
What was the key contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the classification of organisms?
He established the modern system of binomial nomenclature for naming species.
What is the key difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea, as described in the passage?
Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why taxonomists group organisms into categories called taxa?
To observe their behavior and interactions
What is the main reason for the similarity between organisms, according to the passage?
Relatedness and shared evolutionary history
What is the significance of the Woese classification system, as mentioned in the passage?
It recognized the need for a higher level of classification above kingdoms, called domains.
Which bacterial genus is primarily associated with Legionnaires' disease?
Legionella
How is Legionnaires' disease typically transmitted?
Through water droplets containing the bacteria
Which bacterial species causes Q fever?
Coxiella burnetii
Which group of bacteria includes methane oxidizers that could potentially help reduce atmospheric methane levels?
Methane oxidizers
What is the IMViC test used for?
Differentiating members of the Enterobacteriaceae family
Which bacterial family includes organisms that can produce bacteriocins?
Enterobacteriaceae
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Legionella
What is the term used to describe diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans?
Zoonosis
Which group of bacteria is described as facultative anaerobes?
Enterobacteriaceae
What is the term used to describe bacteria that can ferment glucose?
Fermenters
Study Notes
Proteobacteria
- Gamma proteobacteria: most diverse, includes aerobic and anaerobic organisms, and human pathogens
- Delta proteobacteria: mostly aerobic and gram-negative, important for sulfur cycle
- Epsilon group: gram-negative, curved or spiral rods
- Alpha proteobacteria: includes Chlamydia (obligatory intracellular bacteria, causes chlamydia, trachoma, and pneumonia) and Rhizobium (nitrogen-fixing organism)
Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms
- Rhizobium: forms symbiotic relationships with legumes (clover, alfalfa, beans) in soil
Pathogenic Bacteria
- Rickettsia: obligate intracellular parasite, transmitted by ticks, causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus
- Bordetella: aerobic, fastidious
- Neisseria: requires moisture, high CO2 concentrations, causes meningitis and gonorrhea
Purple Sulfur Bacteria
- Obligate anaerobes, oxidize hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules, found in hot springs and stagnant water
Scientific Nomenclature
- Binomial nomenclature: every organism given two names (genus and species) used by scientists worldwide
- Suffixes: -ales for orders, -aceae for families
- Examples: italic or underlined, with abbreviations possible
Classifying and Identifying Organisms
- Bergy's manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1923) was the gold standard for lab ID of organisms
- Classification methods: biochemical tests, carbon source, enzymes produced, Gram stain results
- 2nd edition of Bergy's manual of Systems of Archaea and Bacteria (based on rRNA sequences)
Phylogenetic Tree
- Proteobacteria phylum: 5 groups (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon) based on nucleotide sequences and rRNA
- Alpha proteobacteria: oligotrophs, found in deep oceans, deep soil, and glacier ice, produce nitrogen for other life forms
- Beta proteobacteria: eutrophs, found in nutrient-rich environments
Explore the process of classifying bacteria based on their characteristics and evolutionary history. Learn about taxonomists and the categories they use to group organisms, such as growth requirements, morphology, DNA, and systematics.
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