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Questions and Answers
Which bacteria are described as 'very fastidious' in the text?
Which bacteria are described as 'very fastidious' in the text?
- Epsilon group (correct)
- Bordetella
- Rhizobium
- Neisseria
Which proteobacteria group includes both aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
Which proteobacteria group includes both aerobic and anaerobic organisms?
- Gamma proteobacteria (correct)
- Delta proteobacteria
- Alpha proteobacteria
- Beta proteobacteria
Which bacteria are described as obligately intracellular?
Which bacteria are described as obligately intracellular?
- Rickettsia
- Chlamydia
- Both Chlamydia and Rickettsia (correct)
- Neither Chlamydia nor Rickettsia
Which bacteria are described as forming symbiotic relationships with legumes?
Which bacteria are described as forming symbiotic relationships with legumes?
Which bacteria are described as being the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus?
Which bacteria are described as being the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus?
Which bacteria are described as requiring moisture and high concentrations of CO2 to grow?
Which bacteria are described as requiring moisture and high concentrations of CO2 to grow?
Which bacteria are described as oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules instead of oxygen?
Which bacteria are described as oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules instead of oxygen?
Which bacteria are described as being facultative intracellular parasites?
Which bacteria are described as being facultative intracellular parasites?
What is the correct order of the hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
What is the correct order of the hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
What is the purpose of scientific nomenclature?
What is the purpose of scientific nomenclature?
What does the suffix 'ales' typically indicate in scientific nomenclature?
What does the suffix 'ales' typically indicate in scientific nomenclature?
What was the initial standard for identifying and classifying organisms in the laboratory?
What was the initial standard for identifying and classifying organisms in the laboratory?
What is the basis for the classification of organisms in the second edition of Bergy's manual?
What is the basis for the classification of organisms in the second edition of Bergy's manual?
Which group of proteobacteria is known for living in nutrient-rich environments?
Which group of proteobacteria is known for living in nutrient-rich environments?
What is the characteristic of alpha proteobacteria?
What is the characteristic of alpha proteobacteria?
What is the significance of the proteobacteria phylum?
What is the significance of the proteobacteria phylum?
What is the primary method used by taxonomists to group organisms into categories called taxa?
What is the primary method used by taxonomists to group organisms into categories called taxa?
According to the passage, which domain includes organisms that are prokaryotes and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
According to the passage, which domain includes organisms that are prokaryotes and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
What is the main reason for the diversity of organisms, according to the passage?
What is the main reason for the diversity of organisms, according to the passage?
What was the key contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the classification of organisms?
What was the key contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the classification of organisms?
What is the key difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea, as described in the passage?
What is the key difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea, as described in the passage?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why taxonomists group organisms into categories called taxa?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why taxonomists group organisms into categories called taxa?
What is the main reason for the similarity between organisms, according to the passage?
What is the main reason for the similarity between organisms, according to the passage?
What is the significance of the Woese classification system, as mentioned in the passage?
What is the significance of the Woese classification system, as mentioned in the passage?
Which bacterial genus is primarily associated with Legionnaires' disease?
Which bacterial genus is primarily associated with Legionnaires' disease?
How is Legionnaires' disease typically transmitted?
How is Legionnaires' disease typically transmitted?
Which bacterial species causes Q fever?
Which bacterial species causes Q fever?
Which group of bacteria includes methane oxidizers that could potentially help reduce atmospheric methane levels?
Which group of bacteria includes methane oxidizers that could potentially help reduce atmospheric methane levels?
What is the IMViC test used for?
What is the IMViC test used for?
Which bacterial family includes organisms that can produce bacteriocins?
Which bacterial family includes organisms that can produce bacteriocins?
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family?
What is the term used to describe diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans?
What is the term used to describe diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans?
Which group of bacteria is described as facultative anaerobes?
Which group of bacteria is described as facultative anaerobes?
What is the term used to describe bacteria that can ferment glucose?
What is the term used to describe bacteria that can ferment glucose?
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Study Notes
Proteobacteria
- Gamma proteobacteria: most diverse, includes aerobic and anaerobic organisms, and human pathogens
- Delta proteobacteria: mostly aerobic and gram-negative, important for sulfur cycle
- Epsilon group: gram-negative, curved or spiral rods
- Alpha proteobacteria: includes Chlamydia (obligatory intracellular bacteria, causes chlamydia, trachoma, and pneumonia) and Rhizobium (nitrogen-fixing organism)
Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms
- Rhizobium: forms symbiotic relationships with legumes (clover, alfalfa, beans) in soil
Pathogenic Bacteria
- Rickettsia: obligate intracellular parasite, transmitted by ticks, causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus
- Bordetella: aerobic, fastidious
- Neisseria: requires moisture, high CO2 concentrations, causes meningitis and gonorrhea
Purple Sulfur Bacteria
- Obligate anaerobes, oxidize hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules, found in hot springs and stagnant water
Scientific Nomenclature
- Binomial nomenclature: every organism given two names (genus and species) used by scientists worldwide
- Suffixes: -ales for orders, -aceae for families
- Examples: italic or underlined, with abbreviations possible
Classifying and Identifying Organisms
- Bergy's manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1923) was the gold standard for lab ID of organisms
- Classification methods: biochemical tests, carbon source, enzymes produced, Gram stain results
- 2nd edition of Bergy's manual of Systems of Archaea and Bacteria (based on rRNA sequences)
Phylogenetic Tree
- Proteobacteria phylum: 5 groups (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon) based on nucleotide sequences and rRNA
- Alpha proteobacteria: oligotrophs, found in deep oceans, deep soil, and glacier ice, produce nitrogen for other life forms
- Beta proteobacteria: eutrophs, found in nutrient-rich environments
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