Classifying Bacteria and Taxonomy Principles
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Classifying Bacteria and Taxonomy Principles

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Questions and Answers

Which bacteria are described as 'very fastidious' in the text?

  • Epsilon group (correct)
  • Bordetella
  • Rhizobium
  • Neisseria

    • Which proteobacteria group includes both aerobic and anaerobic organisms?

  • Gamma proteobacteria (correct)
  • Delta proteobacteria
  • Alpha proteobacteria
  • Beta proteobacteria

    • Which bacteria are described as obligately intracellular?

  • Rickettsia
  • Chlamydia
  • Both Chlamydia and Rickettsia (correct)
  • Neither Chlamydia nor Rickettsia

    • Which bacteria are described as forming symbiotic relationships with legumes?

    <p>Rhizobium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are described as being the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus?

    <p>Rickettsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are described as requiring moisture and high concentrations of CO2 to grow?

    <p>Neisseria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are described as oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules instead of oxygen?

    <p>Purple sulfur bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are described as being facultative intracellular parasites?

    <p>Intracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?

    <p>Species – Sapien, Genus – Homo, Family – Hominidae, Order – Primates, Class – Mammalia, Phylum – Chordata, Kingdom – Animalia, Domain – Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific nomenclature?

    <p>To provide a consistent naming system for organisms worldwide, regardless of language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix 'ales' typically indicate in scientific nomenclature?

    <p>Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial standard for identifying and classifying organisms in the laboratory?

    <p>Bergy's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1923)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the classification of organisms in the second edition of Bergy's manual?

    <p>Differences in rRNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of proteobacteria is known for living in nutrient-rich environments?

    <p>Beta proteobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of alpha proteobacteria?

    <p>They are oligotrophs, living in low-nutrient environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the proteobacteria phylum?

    <p>It is divided into five groups based on nucleotide sequences and rRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used by taxonomists to group organisms into categories called taxa?

    <p>Examining their DNA and evolutionary history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which domain includes organisms that are prokaryotes and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

    <p>Domain Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the diversity of organisms, according to the passage?

    <p>Natural selection and the survival of stronger, more suitable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to the classification of organisms?

    <p>He established the modern system of binomial nomenclature for naming species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea, as described in the passage?

    <p>Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why taxonomists group organisms into categories called taxa?

    <p>To observe their behavior and interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the similarity between organisms, according to the passage?

    <p>Relatedness and shared evolutionary history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Woese classification system, as mentioned in the passage?

    <p>It recognized the need for a higher level of classification above kingdoms, called domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial genus is primarily associated with Legionnaires' disease?

    <p>Legionella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Legionnaires' disease typically transmitted?

    <p>Through water droplets containing the bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species causes Q fever?

    <p>Coxiella burnetii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of bacteria includes methane oxidizers that could potentially help reduce atmospheric methane levels?

    <p>Methane oxidizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IMViC test used for?

    <p>Differentiating members of the Enterobacteriaceae family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial family includes organisms that can produce bacteriocins?

    <p>Enterobacteriaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family?

    <p>Legionella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans?

    <p>Zoonosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of bacteria is described as facultative anaerobes?

    <p>Enterobacteriaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bacteria that can ferment glucose?

    <p>Fermenters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Proteobacteria

    • Gamma proteobacteria: most diverse, includes aerobic and anaerobic organisms, and human pathogens
    • Delta proteobacteria: mostly aerobic and gram-negative, important for sulfur cycle
    • Epsilon group: gram-negative, curved or spiral rods
    • Alpha proteobacteria: includes Chlamydia (obligatory intracellular bacteria, causes chlamydia, trachoma, and pneumonia) and Rhizobium (nitrogen-fixing organism)

    Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms

    • Rhizobium: forms symbiotic relationships with legumes (clover, alfalfa, beans) in soil

    Pathogenic Bacteria

    • Rickettsia: obligate intracellular parasite, transmitted by ticks, causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Typhus
    • Bordetella: aerobic, fastidious
    • Neisseria: requires moisture, high CO2 concentrations, causes meningitis and gonorrhea

    Purple Sulfur Bacteria

    • Obligate anaerobes, oxidize hydrogen sulfide to produce sulfur granules, found in hot springs and stagnant water

    Scientific Nomenclature

    • Binomial nomenclature: every organism given two names (genus and species) used by scientists worldwide
    • Suffixes: -ales for orders, -aceae for families
    • Examples: italic or underlined, with abbreviations possible

    Classifying and Identifying Organisms

    • Bergy's manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1923) was the gold standard for lab ID of organisms
    • Classification methods: biochemical tests, carbon source, enzymes produced, Gram stain results
    • 2nd edition of Bergy's manual of Systems of Archaea and Bacteria (based on rRNA sequences)

    Phylogenetic Tree

    • Proteobacteria phylum: 5 groups (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon) based on nucleotide sequences and rRNA
    • Alpha proteobacteria: oligotrophs, found in deep oceans, deep soil, and glacier ice, produce nitrogen for other life forms
    • Beta proteobacteria: eutrophs, found in nutrient-rich environments

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    Chapter 101.docx

    Description

    Explore the process of classifying bacteria based on their characteristics and evolutionary history. Learn about taxonomists and the categories they use to group organisms, such as growth requirements, morphology, DNA, and systematics.

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