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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
A colloid is a mixture that appears homogeneous but is heterogeneous when subjected to tests.
True
What is the state of matter with a defined appearance and very little to no molecular movement?
Solid
The process of adding heat to a solid is known as __________.
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Which of the following processes turns a liquid into a gas?
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What state of matter takes the shape of its container and has molecular movement?
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The process of turning gas into liquid by transferring energy is called __________.
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What is formed when gas is subjected to ionization?
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What is the example of gas that can glow due to ionization?
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Sublimation is the process of adding energy to a solid, turning it directly into a liquid.
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Study Notes
Classifications of Matter
- Mixtures are substances with varying compositions.
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Pure Substances have uniform composition.
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Heterogeneous Mixtures have components that can be identified.
- Examples include garden salad and trail mix.
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Colloids have properties similar to homogeneous mixtures but are heterogeneous when subjected to tests.
- Examples include milk and styling gel.
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Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions) have very uniform compositions.
- Examples include brine (saltwater) and orange juice drink.
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Heterogeneous Mixtures have components that can be identified.
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Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of atom.
- Examples include Darmstadtium (Ds) and Hydrogen (H).
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Compounds are substances composed of molecules formed from two or more elements.
- Examples include Aqua Fortis (HNCO3) and Water (H2O).
Phases of Matter
- Solid has a defined shape and minimal molecular movement due to its rigid molecular structure. Example: Diamond.
- Liquid has molecular movement dictated by its flow rate. It takes the shape of its container due to its loose molecular structure. Example: Lemon juice.
- Gas has high molecular movement with a looser structure than liquid. Example: Air we breathe.
- Plasma has very high molecular movement. It forms from gas due to heat energy absorption and release, causing molecules to move faster. High temperature plasmas glow. Example: Neon light fixtures.
Phase Transitions
- Phase transitions occur when heat is introduced, causing molecules to absorb energy and increase movement. Removing heat causes molecules to lose energy and compact.
- Melting: Adding heat to a solid, transforming it into a liquid. Example: Melting iron to reform solid blocks.
- Evaporation: Adding heat to a liquid, breaking molecular bonds and transforming it into a gas. Example: Evaporating saltwater to extract salt.
- Ionization: Adding heat to a gas, energizing molecules and charging them into ions (plasma is composed of ions). Example: Heating neon gas in a tube to cause it to glow.
- Recombination (Deionization): Removing heat from plasma, returning ions to a ground state, reverting to a gas. Example: Neon plasma deionizing back to gas when it cools.
- Condensation: Gas molecules transfer energy to the surroundings, forming bonds and coalescing into a liquid. Example: Water vapor condensing into liquid water to form clouds.
- Freezing: Liquids transfer heat to the surroundings, forcing molecules to reform and bond into a solid. Example: Mercury solidifying when poured with liquid nitrogen.
- Sublimation: Adding energy to a solid, directly transforming it into a gas without going through the liquid phase. Example: Dry ice sublimating into carbon dioxide gas.
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Description
Explore the different classifications of matter, including mixtures, pure substances, elements, and compounds. Additionally, understand the distinct phases of matter, such as solids and liquids, highlighting their properties and examples. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in chemistry.
