Classification Systems (Part 1) Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What do taxonomists do?

  • They conduct genetic experiments.
  • They arrange organisms into groups and name them. (correct)
  • They study animal behavior.
  • They categorize minerals.

    • What is binomial nomenclature?

    The naming system for organisms that includes the genus and species names.

    What is the broadest category in the Linnaean classification system?

    Kingdom

    What does the phylum Chordata denote?

    <p>The presence of a backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the class Mammalia?

    <p>Organisms with hair and mammary glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category is the gray wolf placed in based on its diet?

    <p>Order Carnivora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What family do dog-like animals belong to?

    <p>Family Canidae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first category named in binomial nomenclature?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the species category?

    <p>It includes only one organism with unique characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phylogeny study?

    <p>The evolutionary history of a particular species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phylogenesis?

    <p>The sequence of evolutionary changes of a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>A branching diagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a tree structure in a phylogenetic tree represent?

    <p>It represents evolutionary relationships and divergence points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clade?

    <p>A group of species descended from the same common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Taxonomists

    • Arrange organisms into groups and assign names to them
    • Introduced a universal naming system for organisms

    Binomial Nomenclature

    • Naming system helps avoid errors in identification
    • Genus name is capitalized and listed first; species name is lowercase and follows
    • Both names are italicized in print

    Kingdom

    • Broadest category in the Linnaean classification system
    • Includes approximately two million species
    • Example: gray wolf is classified within the kingdom Animalia, which encompasses all animals

    Phylum

    • Taxon category for animals with similar body types
    • Gray wolf belongs to phylum Chordata, indicating it has a backbone

    Class

    • Groups organisms by outer covering and parental care methods
    • Gray wolf is part of the class Mammalia, which has approximately 5000 species
    • Members possess hair for insulation and mammary glands for nursing young

    Order

    • Taxon category that groups organisms based on dietary habits
    • Gray wolf is classified in the order Carnivora, comprising meat-eating mammals

    Family

    • Taxon category for organisms sharing physical characteristics like teeth type and body shape
    • All dog-like animals in Carnivora are classified under the family Canidae, including wolves, jackals, and domestic dogs

    Genus

    • Taxon category for organisms with closely related characteristics, differentiated by unique traits
    • Gray wolf is in the genus Canis, which includes similar dog-like animals while excluding domestic dogs

    Species

    • The final taxon level, identifying a single organism by unique characteristics
    • Gray wolf's species name is lupus, derived from Latin meaning "wolf"

    Phylogeny

    • Study of evolutionary history of a species, tracing traits to ancestral lineage

    Phylogenesis

    • Sequence of evolutionary changes within a species, can clarify or modify Linnaean classification

    Phylogenetic Tree

    • A branching diagram representing evolutionary relationships

    Tree Structure

    • Phylogenetic tree depicts hypotheses about evolutionary ties
    • Relationships shown as dichotomies or two-way branch points indicating species divergence

    Branching Relationships

    • Organisms C and D are closely related, as well as A and B
    • C, D, and E share enough similarities to form a clade based on common ancestry

    Clade

    • Group of species that share a common ancestor and are categorized together due to this lineage

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    Description

    Explore fundamental concepts in classification systems with these flashcards. Learn about taxonomists and the binomial nomenclature used for naming organisms accurately. Ideal for biology students seeking to understand essential classification terminology.

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