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Questions and Answers
What type of sleep disorder is characterized by difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep?
What type of sleep disorder is characterized by difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep?
What is the term for repeated episodes of stopped breathing during sleep?
What is the term for repeated episodes of stopped breathing during sleep?
What is the primary symptom of narcolepsy?
What is the primary symptom of narcolepsy?
What is the primary cause of insomnia?
What is the primary cause of insomnia?
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What is the term for abnormal movements during sleep?
What is the term for abnormal movements during sleep?
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What is the term for disruptions to the body's internal clock?
What is the term for disruptions to the body's internal clock?
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What is the term for excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep?
What is the term for excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep?
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What is the term for uncomfortable sensations in the legs, often causing an urge to move?
What is the term for uncomfortable sensations in the legs, often causing an urge to move?
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Study Notes
Classification of Sleep Disorders
- Insomnias: difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep
- Sleep-related breathing disorders: abnormal breathing patterns during sleep (e.g., sleep apnea)
- Sleep-related movement disorders: abnormal movements during sleep (e.g., restless leg syndrome)
- Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: disruptions to the body's internal clock (e.g., jet lag)
- Parasomnias: abnormal behaviors during sleep (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep terrors)
- Sleep-related hypersomnias: excessive daytime sleepiness (e.g., narcolepsy)
Insomnia
- Definition: difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or both
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Types:
- Acute insomnia: short-term sleep disruption
- Chronic insomnia: ongoing sleep disruption for at least 3 months
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Causes:
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Medications
- Caffeine and alcohol consumption
- Irregular sleep schedules
Sleep Apnea
- Definition: repeated episodes of stopped breathing during sleep
-
Types:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): blockage of the airway
- Central sleep apnea (CSA): lack of respiratory effort
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Risk factors:
- Obesity
- Age (over 40)
- Smoking
- Family history
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Symptoms:
- Loud snoring
- Pauses in breathing during sleep
- Daytime sleepiness
- Headaches
Narcolepsy
- Definition: excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep
-
Symptoms:
- Sudden sleep attacks
- Cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness)
- Hypnagogic hallucinations (dream-like experiences when falling asleep)
- Sleep paralysis (inability to move when falling asleep or waking up)
-
Causes:
- Genetic predisposition
- Brain chemical imbalance
- Autoimmune disorders
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
- Definition: uncomfortable sensations in the legs, often causing an urge to move
-
Symptoms:
- Uncomfortable sensations (e.g., itching, tingling, burning)
- Urge to move the affected limb
- Worsening symptoms at rest
- Relief with movement
-
Causes:
- Genetic predisposition
- Iron deficiency
- Kidney problems
- Diabetes
Classification of Sleep Disorders
- Five categories: insomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and parasomnias
Insomnias
- Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
- Types: acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term)
- Causes: stress, anxiety, depression, medications, caffeine and alcohol consumption, and irregular sleep schedules
Sleep Apnea
- Repeated episodes of stopped breathing during sleep
- Types: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA)
- Risk factors: obesity, age (over 40), smoking, and family history
- Symptoms: loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep, daytime sleepiness, and headaches
Narcolepsy
- Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep
- Symptoms: sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness), hypnagogic hallucinations (dream-like experiences when falling asleep), and sleep paralysis (inability to move when falling asleep or waking up)
- Causes: genetic predisposition, brain chemical imbalance, and autoimmune disorders
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
- Uncomfortable sensations in the legs, often causing an urge to move
- Symptoms: uncomfortable sensations (e.g., itching, tingling, burning), urge to move the affected limb, worsening symptoms at rest, and relief with movement
- Causes: genetic predisposition, iron deficiency, kidney problems, and diabetes
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of sleep disorders, including insomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and parasomnias.
