Questions and Answers
What is the classification of Prosimii?
Strepsirhine includes monkeys and apes.
False
What are Lemuriformes localized in?
Madagascar
Which two families are included in Lorisiformes?
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What is a characteristic of Tarsiiformes?
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Anthropoidea includes only humans.
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What type of nostrils do Platyrrhini have?
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Which family do Callitrichidae belong to?
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What is indicated by the term Cebidae?
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What is a characteristic feature of Atelidae?
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Catarrhini includes Old World monkeys and apes.
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Where are Cercopithecinae predominantly found?
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Colobinae monkeys are specialized to eat __________.
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Name a genus of colobinae found in Africa.
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What is the characteristic of Odd-nosed monkeys?
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What family do Hylobatidae belong to?
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Study Notes
Prosimii
- Early diverging group of primates found in Africa, Asia, and Indonesia.
- Characterized by large eyes, nocturnal behavior, independently mobile ears, and a reliance on scent marking.
Strepsirhine
- Consists of lemurs and lorises with moist noses (rhinarium).
- Distinctive features include a tapetum, dental comb, and grooming claw.
- Movements primarily involve vertical clinging and leaping.
Lemuriformes
- Primarily localized in Madagascar.
- Exhibit both nocturnal and diurnal lifestyles.
- Include some of the smallest primates like Aye-ayes, Indris, sifakas, and various lemur species.
Lorisiformes
- Includes families Galagidae and Lorisidae.
- Galagidae are characterized by vertical clinging and leaping, while Lorisidae utilize slow climbing and walking.
- Lorisidae inhabits Asia (lorises) and Africa (pottos), Galagidae is exclusive to Africa (bush babies).
Tarsiiformes
- Comprises the Tarsius genus, native to Southeast Asia.
- Nocturnal with no tapetum; possesses elongated tarsal bones for leaping.
- Features a large eyes-to-body ratio and an ability to swivel necks 180 degrees.
Anthropoidea
- Encompasses monkeys, apes, and humans; all species are diurnal.
- Adaptations include reduced reliance on scent, flatter faces, and mobile upper lips.
- Characterized by dry noses and smaller immobile ears.
Platyrrhini
- Identified by flat, side-facing nostrils; includes New World monkeys from neotropical regions.
- All species are arboreal and typically smaller than Old World monkeys.
- Several species have prehensile tails, indicating parallel evolution with Old World monkey characteristics.
Callitrichidae
- Family of marmosets and tamarins, the smallest monkeys.
- Unique traits include claws instead of nails (except for the big toe) and living in monogamous groups.
- Notable for giving birth to twins and male infant care, with minimal sexual dimorphism.
Cebidae
- Extremely diverse family including various genera: Aotus (owl monkeys), Saimiri (squirrel monkeys), Cebus (capuchin monkeys), etc.
- Reflects a wide range of adaptations and ecological niches.
Atelidae
- Notable for having prehensile tails; includes four genera: Ateles (spider monkeys), Alouatta (howler monkeys), Lagothrix (woolly monkeys), Brachyteles (woolly spider monkeys).
Catarrhini
- Defined by downward-facing nostrils; includes Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.
Cercopithecoidea
- Comprises all Old World monkeys, adapted to various environments.
- All species are diurnal, primarily give birth to single infants, and show greater body size compared to New World monkeys.
Cercopithecinae
- Exhibits diverse habitats, diets, and social structures with a propensity for ground dwelling.
- Characterized by ischial callosities and cheek pouches for food storage.
- Key genera include baboons (Papio) and macaques (Macaca), notable for their extensive studies in behavior and social structures.
Colobinae
- Includes colobus monkeys and langurs specialized for leaf-eating.
- Features include sacculated stomachs to digest cellulose, deep jaws with narrow incisors, and adaptations for an arboreal lifestyle.
Africa: Three Genera of Colobinae
- Black and White Colobus (Colobus), Red Colobus (Piliocolobus), and Olive Colobus (Procolobus).
Asia: Genera of Colobinae
- Comprises primarily langurs and leaf monkeys.
Odd-nosed Monkeys
- Includes snub-nosed monkeys and the Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus).
Hominoidea
- Encompasses apes and humans, divided into three families: Hylobatidae, Pongidae, and Hominidae.
- Characteristic traits include lack of tails, larger body size and weight, and a greater brain-to-body weight ratio.
Hylobatidae
- Comprises gibbons and siamangs, known as lesser apes, typically found in Southeast Asia.
- Adaptations include monogamous social systems and the ability to brachiate due to long, strong arms and elongated fingers.
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Test your knowledge of primate classification with these flashcards. Explore terms like Prosimii and Strepsirhine, focusing on their characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. Perfect for students of biology and anthropology.
