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Questions and Answers
What is the classification of Prosimii?
What is the classification of Prosimii?
Strepsirhine includes monkeys and apes.
Strepsirhine includes monkeys and apes.
False
What are Lemuriformes localized in?
What are Lemuriformes localized in?
Madagascar
Which two families are included in Lorisiformes?
Which two families are included in Lorisiformes?
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What is a characteristic of Tarsiiformes?
What is a characteristic of Tarsiiformes?
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Anthropoidea includes only humans.
Anthropoidea includes only humans.
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What type of nostrils do Platyrrhini have?
What type of nostrils do Platyrrhini have?
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Which family do Callitrichidae belong to?
Which family do Callitrichidae belong to?
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What is indicated by the term Cebidae?
What is indicated by the term Cebidae?
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What is a characteristic feature of Atelidae?
What is a characteristic feature of Atelidae?
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Catarrhini includes Old World monkeys and apes.
Catarrhini includes Old World monkeys and apes.
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Where are Cercopithecinae predominantly found?
Where are Cercopithecinae predominantly found?
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Colobinae monkeys are specialized to eat __________.
Colobinae monkeys are specialized to eat __________.
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Name a genus of colobinae found in Africa.
Name a genus of colobinae found in Africa.
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What is the characteristic of Odd-nosed monkeys?
What is the characteristic of Odd-nosed monkeys?
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What family do Hylobatidae belong to?
What family do Hylobatidae belong to?
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Study Notes
Prosimii
- Early diverging group of primates found in Africa, Asia, and Indonesia.
- Characterized by large eyes, nocturnal behavior, independently mobile ears, and a reliance on scent marking.
Strepsirhine
- Consists of lemurs and lorises with moist noses (rhinarium).
- Distinctive features include a tapetum, dental comb, and grooming claw.
- Movements primarily involve vertical clinging and leaping.
Lemuriformes
- Primarily localized in Madagascar.
- Exhibit both nocturnal and diurnal lifestyles.
- Include some of the smallest primates like Aye-ayes, Indris, sifakas, and various lemur species.
Lorisiformes
- Includes families Galagidae and Lorisidae.
- Galagidae are characterized by vertical clinging and leaping, while Lorisidae utilize slow climbing and walking.
- Lorisidae inhabits Asia (lorises) and Africa (pottos), Galagidae is exclusive to Africa (bush babies).
Tarsiiformes
- Comprises the Tarsius genus, native to Southeast Asia.
- Nocturnal with no tapetum; possesses elongated tarsal bones for leaping.
- Features a large eyes-to-body ratio and an ability to swivel necks 180 degrees.
Anthropoidea
- Encompasses monkeys, apes, and humans; all species are diurnal.
- Adaptations include reduced reliance on scent, flatter faces, and mobile upper lips.
- Characterized by dry noses and smaller immobile ears.
Platyrrhini
- Identified by flat, side-facing nostrils; includes New World monkeys from neotropical regions.
- All species are arboreal and typically smaller than Old World monkeys.
- Several species have prehensile tails, indicating parallel evolution with Old World monkey characteristics.
Callitrichidae
- Family of marmosets and tamarins, the smallest monkeys.
- Unique traits include claws instead of nails (except for the big toe) and living in monogamous groups.
- Notable for giving birth to twins and male infant care, with minimal sexual dimorphism.
Cebidae
- Extremely diverse family including various genera: Aotus (owl monkeys), Saimiri (squirrel monkeys), Cebus (capuchin monkeys), etc.
- Reflects a wide range of adaptations and ecological niches.
Atelidae
- Notable for having prehensile tails; includes four genera: Ateles (spider monkeys), Alouatta (howler monkeys), Lagothrix (woolly monkeys), Brachyteles (woolly spider monkeys).
Catarrhini
- Defined by downward-facing nostrils; includes Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.
Cercopithecoidea
- Comprises all Old World monkeys, adapted to various environments.
- All species are diurnal, primarily give birth to single infants, and show greater body size compared to New World monkeys.
Cercopithecinae
- Exhibits diverse habitats, diets, and social structures with a propensity for ground dwelling.
- Characterized by ischial callosities and cheek pouches for food storage.
- Key genera include baboons (Papio) and macaques (Macaca), notable for their extensive studies in behavior and social structures.
Colobinae
- Includes colobus monkeys and langurs specialized for leaf-eating.
- Features include sacculated stomachs to digest cellulose, deep jaws with narrow incisors, and adaptations for an arboreal lifestyle.
Africa: Three Genera of Colobinae
- Black and White Colobus (Colobus), Red Colobus (Piliocolobus), and Olive Colobus (Procolobus).
Asia: Genera of Colobinae
- Comprises primarily langurs and leaf monkeys.
Odd-nosed Monkeys
- Includes snub-nosed monkeys and the Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus).
Hominoidea
- Encompasses apes and humans, divided into three families: Hylobatidae, Pongidae, and Hominidae.
- Characteristic traits include lack of tails, larger body size and weight, and a greater brain-to-body weight ratio.
Hylobatidae
- Comprises gibbons and siamangs, known as lesser apes, typically found in Southeast Asia.
- Adaptations include monogamous social systems and the ability to brachiate due to long, strong arms and elongated fingers.
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Test your knowledge of primate classification with these flashcards. Explore terms like Prosimii and Strepsirhine, focusing on their characteristics, habitats, and behaviors. Perfect for students of biology and anthropology.
