Classification of Pain

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What is the primary function of acute pain according to the withdrawal reflex?

To persist long after recovery from an injury

To result from inflammation or nerve injury

To induce unconscious activity in sense receptors

To serve as an important protective mechanism (correct)

What is the key distinction between nociception and pain?

Nociception is an unconscious activity, while pain is a conscious experience (correct)

Nociception is a type of chronic pain, while pain is acute

Nociception is an emotional experience, while pain is sensory

Nociception is a conscious activity, while pain is unconscious

What type of pain is often refractory to common analgesic agents?

Inflammatory pain

Pathologic pain (correct)

Acute pain

Physiologic pain

What is the term for pain that serves as an important protective mechanism?

Good pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of neuropathic pain?

Nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

According to the IASP definition, what is the primary characteristic of pain?

It is an emotional experience associated with tissue damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pain that persists long after recovery from an injury?

Chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hyperalgesia?

An exaggerated response to a noxious stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bradykinin contributes to inflammatory pain?

By increasing the synthesis and release of prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prostaglandin E2 in pain sensation?

It produces hyperalgesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which injured tissues release chemicals that contribute to inflammatory pain?

Through the release of chemicals from damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of histamine in the context of pain sensation?

It is a stimulator of nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of allodynia?

A sensation of pain in response to a normally innocuous stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which serotonin contributes to inflammatory pain?

By activating or sensitizing nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Why do aspirin and other NSAIDs alleviate pain?

By inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which sensitize nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between superficial and deep or visceral pain?

The nature of the pain evoked by noxious stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Why is deep pain often poorly localized?

Due to the relative deficiency of As nerve fibers in deep structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of muscle spasms caused by injuries to bones, tendons, and joints?

Stimulation of pain receptors in the muscle Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers located?

In the dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves carries visceral afferent fibers?

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of visceral pain receptors?

They are highly sensitive to distention of visceral organs Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for relaying touch and proprioception from the head?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical picture caused by a functional hemisection of the spinal cord?

Brown-Sequard syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which tract is responsible for transmitting discriminative touch, vibration, and proprioception below the level of the lesion?

Fasciculus gracilis or facilis cuneatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of damage to the spinothalamic tract?

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the corticospinal tract?

Weakness and spasticity on the same side of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is often necessary after spinal trauma?

Spinal or vertebral stabilization Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a Brown-Sequard syndrome?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which corticosteroids decrease inflammation in brown-sequard syndrome?

By suppressing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing capillary permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the amygdala in stress-induced analgesia?

It is involved in mediating the motivational affective responses to pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely source of norepinephrine release in stress-induced analgesia?

Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of physical therapy in treating brown-sequard syndrome?

To maintain strength and joint mobility and improve respiratory function Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where soldiers wounded in battle feel no pain until after the battle is over?

Stress-induced analgesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide in stress-induced analgesia?

They are released in response to stress and decrease pain sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of administering corticosteroids soon after the onset of a spinal cord injury?

They reduce pain and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of inadequate physical therapy in treating brown-sequard syndrome?

Decreased strength and joint mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which corticosteroids reduce pain in brown-sequard syndrome?