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Questions and Answers
What is the primary active metabolite of sulindac responsible for COX inhibition?
What is the primary active metabolite of sulindac responsible for COX inhibition?
- Sulfide metabolite (correct)
- Prostaglandin
- Indomethacin
- Methylsulfoxide
Indomethacin has fewer gastrointestinal side effects than sulindac.
Indomethacin has fewer gastrointestinal side effects than sulindac.
False (B)
What type of inhibitor are indole acetic acids in relation to cyclooxygenase?
What type of inhibitor are indole acetic acids in relation to cyclooxygenase?
Non-selective inhibitors
Indomethacin is largely metabolized by _______ followed by conjugation with glucuronic acid.
Indomethacin is largely metabolized by _______ followed by conjugation with glucuronic acid.
Match the drug with its corresponding characteristic:
Match the drug with its corresponding characteristic:
What are the two primary classifications of pain based on origin?
What are the two primary classifications of pain based on origin?
Chronic pain arises suddenly and lasts for a short duration.
Chronic pain arises suddenly and lasts for a short duration.
Visceral pain can include examples such as gastric pain, intestinal cramps, and _____ pain.
Visceral pain can include examples such as gastric pain, intestinal cramps, and _____ pain.
What term is used to refer to drugs that relieve pain?
What term is used to refer to drugs that relieve pain?
Match the types of pain with their descriptions:
Match the types of pain with their descriptions:
Which of the following best describes acute pain?
Which of the following best describes acute pain?
What psychological aspect can affect the perception of pain?
What psychological aspect can affect the perception of pain?
Analgesics are only categorized into mild and strong options with no variations.
Analgesics are only categorized into mild and strong options with no variations.
Local anaesthetics do not provide any analgesic activity.
Local anaesthetics do not provide any analgesic activity.
Which of the following is a mild analgesic categorized as an antipyretic analgesic?
Which of the following is a mild analgesic categorized as an antipyretic analgesic?
What is the relationship between opioid analgesics and morphine?
What is the relationship between opioid analgesics and morphine?
The two main categories of mild analgesics are antipyretic analgesics and __________ analgesics.
The two main categories of mild analgesics are antipyretic analgesics and __________ analgesics.
Match the type of analgesic with its description:
Match the type of analgesic with its description:
Non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors are one classification of NSAIDs.
Non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors are one classification of NSAIDs.
What is one of the mechanisms of action for NSAIDs?
What is one of the mechanisms of action for NSAIDs?
Name one use of NSAIDs.
Name one use of NSAIDs.
What is the active form of Sulindac after metabolism?
What is the active form of Sulindac after metabolism?
In the metabolism of Sulindac, the sulfoxide form is found in urine.
In the metabolism of Sulindac, the sulfoxide form is found in urine.
The metabolite that is commonly detected in urine after Sulindac metabolism is __________.
The metabolite that is commonly detected in urine after Sulindac metabolism is __________.
What type of modification occurs to Sulindac to convert it to its active form?
What type of modification occurs to Sulindac to convert it to its active form?
Match the following compounds with their characteristics:
Match the following compounds with their characteristics:
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are primarily used to treat allergies.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are primarily used to treat allergies.
What enzyme do NSAIDs inhibit to mediate pain and inflammation?
What enzyme do NSAIDs inhibit to mediate pain and inflammation?
NSAIDs have _______ properties and are used mainly for managing rheumatic disorders.
NSAIDs have _______ properties and are used mainly for managing rheumatic disorders.
Match the following types of analgesics with their classification.
Match the following types of analgesics with their classification.
Which of the following classes of drugs is primarily focused on inflammation management?
Which of the following classes of drugs is primarily focused on inflammation management?
Some NSAIDs possess uricosuric properties useful in treating gout.
Some NSAIDs possess uricosuric properties useful in treating gout.
Name one of the adverse effects associated with NSAIDs.
Name one of the adverse effects associated with NSAIDs.
Study Notes
Classification of Pain
- Pain can be classified by its origin:
- Visceral pain: originates from non-skeletal organs (e.g., stomach, intestines).
- Somatic pain: originates from muscles and bones (e.g., headache, sprains, arthritis).
- Pain can also be classified by its duration:
- Acute pain: short-lived, caused by injury, disease, or noxious stimuli.
- Chronic pain: persistent and pathological, lasting longer than expected for healing.
Analgesics
- Drugs that relieve pain are called analgesics.
- Analgesics are also known as antinociceptives.
- Historically, analgesics were broadly classified as "mild" or "strong".
- Modern drug development has blurred this categorization.
Classes of Pain Relieving Drugs
- Mild analgesics:
- Antipyretic analgesics: reduce fever (e.g., paracetamol).
- Anti-inflammatory analgesics: reduce inflammation (e.g., aspirin).
- Strong analgesics:
- Opioid analgesics: related to morphine in their action.
- Local anaesthetics: also possess analgesic properties.
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Description
Explore the classification of pain based on its origin and duration, including visceral and somatic pain types as well as acute and chronic pain. Discover the various classes of analgesics, from mild to strong, and their specific functions in pain relief.
