Questions and Answers
What is composed of various substances?
When made up of like atoms, substances are called what?
What forms when two or more elements combine?
What type of matter combines in an easily separated manner?
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What type of mixture has materials blended evenly throughout?
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A beam of light is invisible as it passes through a solution.
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A beam of light can be seen when it passes through a colloid.
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Appearance and behavior are what type of properties?
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The change of one substance to another is a _____ change.
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When substances undergo a physical change, mass is always _____
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What is chalk?
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What is copper?
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What is granite?
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What is vinegar?
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What is water?
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What is salt?
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What is gold?
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What is a river delta?
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What is fog?
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What is gelatin?
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What is lead?
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What are all substances built from?
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A _____ is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen and will not settle to the bottom of their container.
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A/An _____ mixture has different materials that can be easily distinguished.
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A homogeneous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen without a microscope is a/an _____.
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A/An _____ is a liquid heterogeneous mixture in which visible particles settle.
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A/An _____ is a material made from atoms of two or more combined elements.
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If all the atoms in a sample of matter are alike, that kind of matter is a/an _____.
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A/An _____ mixture has two or more substances blended evenly throughout.
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The scattering of light by colloids and suspensions is called the _____ effect.
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Size, shape, and melting point are _____ properties.
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A burnt object has undergone a ____ change.
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The Law of _____ of Mass states that mass is not gained or lost during chemical changes.
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You can tear a sheet of paper into pieces and cause a _____ _____ in the paper.
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On a hot summer day, water vapor will condense into water droplets on the outside of a glass of iced tea. The glass of iced tea is a _____ of sugar, tea, lemon, and water.
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Water is a clear colorless _____ at room temperature.
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The words clear and colorless describe two _____ _____ of water.
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The melting of the ice in the iced tea is a _____ _____.
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A _____ _____ produces new substances.
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The _____ of the wax is a physical change.
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To separate a solid from a liquid, such as salt from seawater, a process using the physical property of boiling point called _____ is used.
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Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Matter is categorized into substances, which include elements and compounds.
- Substances consist of a uniform and definite composition.
- Elements are pure substances made of like atoms and cannot be broken down into simpler forms.
- Compounds consist of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.
Mixtures
- Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated easily.
- Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition throughout) or heterogeneous (distinct components identifiable).
Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
- Homogeneous mixtures are evenly blended, such as vinegar or soft drinks.
- Heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different substances, like granite or a river delta.
Properties of Matter
- Matter displays physical properties (e.g., size, shape, melting point) and chemical properties (e.g., reactivity, acidity).
- A change altering the form of a substance without changing its identity is a physical change.
- A change resulting in the formation of new substances is a chemical change.
Light and Visibility
- Light beams can be invisible when passing through a solution but can cause scattering in colloids.
- The Tyndall effect describes light scattering in colloids and suspensions.
Conservation of Mass
- During physical changes, the mass of substances is always conserved.
- The Law of Conservation of Mass asserts that the total mass remains constant before and after chemical reactions.
Distinction of Matter Forms
- Suspensions contain larger particles that settle over time, like fog or a river delta.
- Colloids have smaller particles that do not settle, illustrated by gelatin.
- All substances are made up of atoms, which are the basic units of matter.
Characteristics of Mixtures
- Solutions are homogeneous mixtures with particles that are too small to be seen (e.g., saltwater).
- Mixing of substances can result in either a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture.
Specific Examples
- Chalk and water are classified as compounds.
- Copper, gold, and lead are examples of elements.
- Pond and paint are considered homogeneous mixtures, whereas permanent press fabric and granite are heterogeneous.
Process of Separation
- Distillation separates mixtures based on differences in boiling points, such as extracting salt from seawater.
Summary of Changes
- Melting wax represents a physical change, while burning an object signifies a chemical change.
These points cover the essential aspects of the classification, composition, and properties of matter, providing an overview for effective study.
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Test your understanding of the classification, composition, and properties of matter with these flashcards. Learn key terms such as substances, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Great for students looking to reinforce their chemistry knowledge!
