Classification of Matter

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following compounds generally contain carbon atoms?

Inorganic compounds

Organic compounds (correct)

Inorganic compounds are primarily derived from living things.

False

What is a primary characteristic of organic compounds regarding volatility?

More volatile

Organic compounds are generally _____ in water.

insoluble Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with organic and inorganic compounds:

Conductivity of Electricity = Organic compounds - poor conductors; Inorganic compounds - good conductors Melting Point = Organic compounds - low melting points; Inorganic compounds - high melting points Type of Bonding = Organic compounds - covalent bonds; Inorganic compounds - ionic bonds Rate of Reaction = Organic compounds - very slow; Inorganic compounds - very fast Signup and view all the answers

What examples are commonly associated with organic compounds?

Fats, nucleic acids, sugars, enzymes, proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical boiling point of inorganic compounds compared to organic compounds?

Higher Signup and view all the answers

Organic compounds can make salts through neutralization.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical property?

Flammability Signup and view all the answers

What type of physical property is denoted as characteristic regardless of shape and size?

Intrinsic property Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an extrinsic property?

Height Signup and view all the answers

Match the following categories of matter with their properties:

Metals = Good conductors of heat and electricity Non-metals = Poor conductors of heat and electricity Metalloids = Intermediate properties between metals and non-metals Brittle = Inability to be hammered into sheets Signup and view all the answers

A substance's boiling point is an extrinsic property.

False Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of chemical properties.

Reactivity with water, ability to rust Signup and view all the answers

Which property of metals allows them to be drawn into wires?

Ductility Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the conductivity of heat in non-metals?

Poor conductor Signup and view all the answers

The ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets is known as ______.

malleability Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Matter

Matter is classified according to origin, with two main categories: organic and inorganic compounds.

Organic Compounds

Derived from living organisms, characterized as biological and more complex in structure.
Mainly consist of carbon atoms; typical formula includes hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens, and their derivatives.
Generally more volatile and highly flammable.
Soluble in nonpolar solvents but insoluble in water.
Form carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and primarily employ covalent bonding.
Poor conductors of heat and electricity in aqueous solutions.
Typically have low melting and boiling points compared to inorganic compounds.
Cannot form salts through neutralization reactions.
Reaction rates are typically slow and often require catalysts to increase speed.
Examples include fats, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes.

Inorganic Compounds

Originates from non-living matter, mainly mineral in nature and less complex.
Most do not contain carbon; can involve various elements.
Generally non-volatile and not highly flammable.
Soluble in water and polar solvents, with some exceptions for certain organic solutions.
Lack carbon-hydrogen bonds and usually form ionic bonds.
Good conductors of heat and electricity in aqueous solutions, forming ions.
Exhibit higher melting and boiling points relative to organic compounds.
Capable of forming salts through neutralization reactions.
Reaction rates are usually high, often rapid without requiring catalysts.
Examples include salts, metals, acids, and bases.

Properties of Matter

Matter has two main types of properties: physical and chemical.
Physical properties are observable through the senses, while chemical properties are noted during chemical reactions.

Physical Properties

Extrinsic/Extensive Properties:
- Not characteristic of the substance itself.
- Dependent on the quantity of the matter (e.g., height, volume, shape, size).
Intrinsic/Intensive Properties:
- Independent of the amount.
- Characteristic of the substance regardless of shape and size (e.g., boiling point, melting point, electrical resistivity, luster, hardness, density, color, odor, solubility, transparency).

Metals vs. Non-Metals

Metals:
- Ductile: Can be drawn into wires.
- Malleable: Can be hammered into thin sheets.
- Luster: Reflective and shiny appearance.
- Good heat and electricity conductors.
- Typically have high density and high melting points due to strong metallic bonding.
Non-Metals:
- Non-ductile: Cannot be drawn into wires.
- Non-malleable: Brittle in nature.
- Dull appearance; do not reflect light well.
- Poor heat and electricity conductors.
- Generally have lower density and melting points compared to metals.

Chemical Properties

Observable only when matter undergoes a transformation into a different type of matter.
Examples include:
- Reactivity of acids with metals.
- Flammability.
- Ability to rust and decay.
- Reactivity with water.
- Combustibility.
- pH and heat of combustion.

Consumer Product Comparison

Assessment of consumer products should consider components based on:
- Safety: Evaluation of potential hazards.
- Quality: Performance and reliability standards.
- Cost: Affordability and value for money.

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Description

Explore the two main categories of matter: organic and inorganic compounds. This quiz covers their definitions, characteristics, and examples, highlighting the differences between biological and non-biological origins. Test your knowledge on the properties and reactions of these essential substances!