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Questions and Answers
Which of the following compounds generally contain carbon atoms?
Inorganic compounds are primarily derived from living things.
False
What is a primary characteristic of organic compounds regarding volatility?
More volatile
Organic compounds are generally _____ in water.
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Match the following characteristics with organic and inorganic compounds:
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What examples are commonly associated with organic compounds?
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What is the typical boiling point of inorganic compounds compared to organic compounds?
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Organic compounds can make salts through neutralization.
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Which of the following is a chemical property?
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What type of physical property is denoted as characteristic regardless of shape and size?
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What is an example of an extrinsic property?
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Match the following categories of matter with their properties:
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A substance's boiling point is an extrinsic property.
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List two examples of chemical properties.
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Which property of metals allows them to be drawn into wires?
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What characterizes the conductivity of heat in non-metals?
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The ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets is known as ______.
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Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Matter is classified according to origin, with two main categories: organic and inorganic compounds.
Organic Compounds
- Derived from living organisms, characterized as biological and more complex in structure.
- Mainly consist of carbon atoms; typical formula includes hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens, and their derivatives.
- Generally more volatile and highly flammable.
- Soluble in nonpolar solvents but insoluble in water.
- Form carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and primarily employ covalent bonding.
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity in aqueous solutions.
- Typically have low melting and boiling points compared to inorganic compounds.
- Cannot form salts through neutralization reactions.
- Reaction rates are typically slow and often require catalysts to increase speed.
- Examples include fats, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes.
Inorganic Compounds
- Originates from non-living matter, mainly mineral in nature and less complex.
- Most do not contain carbon; can involve various elements.
- Generally non-volatile and not highly flammable.
- Soluble in water and polar solvents, with some exceptions for certain organic solutions.
- Lack carbon-hydrogen bonds and usually form ionic bonds.
- Good conductors of heat and electricity in aqueous solutions, forming ions.
- Exhibit higher melting and boiling points relative to organic compounds.
- Capable of forming salts through neutralization reactions.
- Reaction rates are usually high, often rapid without requiring catalysts.
- Examples include salts, metals, acids, and bases.
Properties of Matter
- Matter has two main types of properties: physical and chemical.
- Physical properties are observable through the senses, while chemical properties are noted during chemical reactions.
Physical Properties
-
Extrinsic/Extensive Properties:
- Not characteristic of the substance itself.
- Dependent on the quantity of the matter (e.g., height, volume, shape, size).
-
Intrinsic/Intensive Properties:
- Independent of the amount.
- Characteristic of the substance regardless of shape and size (e.g., boiling point, melting point, electrical resistivity, luster, hardness, density, color, odor, solubility, transparency).
Metals vs. Non-Metals
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Metals:
- Ductile: Can be drawn into wires.
- Malleable: Can be hammered into thin sheets.
- Luster: Reflective and shiny appearance.
- Good heat and electricity conductors.
- Typically have high density and high melting points due to strong metallic bonding.
-
Non-Metals:
- Non-ductile: Cannot be drawn into wires.
- Non-malleable: Brittle in nature.
- Dull appearance; do not reflect light well.
- Poor heat and electricity conductors.
- Generally have lower density and melting points compared to metals.
Chemical Properties
- Observable only when matter undergoes a transformation into a different type of matter.
- Examples include:
- Reactivity of acids with metals.
- Flammability.
- Ability to rust and decay.
- Reactivity with water.
- Combustibility.
- pH and heat of combustion.
Consumer Product Comparison
- Assessment of consumer products should consider components based on:
- Safety: Evaluation of potential hazards.
- Quality: Performance and reliability standards.
- Cost: Affordability and value for money.
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Description
Explore the two main categories of matter: organic and inorganic compounds. This quiz covers their definitions, characteristics, and examples, highlighting the differences between biological and non-biological origins. Test your knowledge on the properties and reactions of these essential substances!
