Classification of Living Organisms

To divide organisms into groups based on shared features.

A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system.

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

<p>A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carl Linnaeus developed the Binomial Nomenclature system in the 18th century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotes are classified as unicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are classified as non-cellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants, fungi, and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protoctists are unicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lytic cycle results in cell lysis and produces 100 to 200 progeny phages, while the lysogenic cycle integrates viral nucleic acid into the host genome without cell destruction, and no progeny are produced immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have nucleoid DNA, while eukaryotic cells contain organelles like mitochondria and have a defined nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocytes produce antibodies that bind to antigens of the pathogen, activating the lymphocyte to clone itself and produce large quantities of the same antibody.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected individual and can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, sufficient sleep, and managing stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacilli), and spiral (spirilla) are three shapes of bacteria, with examples such as Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Treponema pallidum respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan provides structural support and strength to the bacterial cell wall, helping to maintain shape and protect against osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An epidemic is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease affecting many people in a specific area, while a pandemic is an epidemic that crosses borders and affects a larger geographic region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant viruses include the tobacco mosaic virus, while animal viruses include HIV and the influenza virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually through binary fission, creating clones, but can also reproduce by sporulation or budding, which involves different mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prophage refers to the integrated viral nucleic acid within the host genome during the lysogenic cycle, which can later lead to the activation of the lytic cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The way organisms are divided into groups based on shared characteristics.

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

A two-part naming system for species, using the genus and species names.

The study of the classification of living organisms.

A series of groups arranged in a hierarchy, with each group called a taxon.

A group of closely related families.

A group of closely related genera.

A group of closely related species.

A group of closely related classes.

A group of closely related phyla.

Viruses are non-cellular organisms that rely on a host cell for reproduction. They contain genetic material (RNA or DNA) protected by a protein coat called a capsid.

The lytic cycle involves six steps: attachment, injection, integration, replication, assembly, and lysis. It results in the destruction of the host cell.

The lysogenic cycle involves integration of viral DNA into the host's genome. It doesn't immediately destroy the host cell but can lead to the production of new viruses later.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They have cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

The binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction used by bacteria, where a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Autotrophic bacteria are able to produce their own food, typically by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Heterotrophic bacteria obtain their nutrients by consuming organic matter from other organisms.

Archeons are single-celled prokaryotes that can thrive in extreme environments, such as salt lakes or hot springs.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular antigen.

An epidemic is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease affecting a large number of individuals in a particular region at a specific time.