Classification of Living Organisms

Diversity Of Living Organisms

• Living organisms can be classified into different categories based on their characteristics:
  • Kingdom Monera (bacteria and blue-green algae)
  • Kingdom Protista (protozoa and algae)
  • Kingdom Fungi (mushrooms and moulds)
  • Kingdom Plantae (plants)
  • Kingdom Animalia (animals)
• Diversity of living organisms can be seen in:
  • Different shapes and sizes
  • Different modes of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic)
  • Different habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial)

Characteristics Of Living Things

• All living organisms exhibit the following characteristics:
  1. Nutrition: Living organisms need food for energy and growth
  2. Respiration: Living organisms breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
  3. Movement: Living organisms exhibit movement, either internal or external
  4. Growth and Development: Living organisms grow and develop over time
  5. Reproduction: Living organisms produce offspring
  6. Sensitivity: Living organisms respond to stimuli
  7. Excretion: Living organisms remove waste products

Levels Of Organization

• Living organisms can be organized into different levels:
  1. Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of life
  2. Tissue: A group of similar cells performing a specific function
  3. Organ: A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function
  4. Organ System: A group of organs working together to perform a specific function
  5. Organism: A living individual made up of different organ systems

Cell Structure

• A cell consists of:
  • Cell Membrane: A thin layer that separates the cell from its environment
  • Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
  • Nucleus: The control center of the cell where DNA is stored
  • Mitochondria: The powerhouses of the cell responsible for energy production
  • Cell Wall: A rigid layer outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Basic Biological Needs

• Living organisms require:
  1. Food: For energy and growth
  2. Water: For various cellular activities
  3. Oxygen: For respiration
  4. Shelter: For protection from the environment
  5. Air: For respiration

Full Chapter MCQ

• Sample questions:
  • What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
    • a) Tissue
    • b) Organ
    • c) Cell
    • d) Organ System
  • Which characteristic is common to all living organisms?
    • a) Nutrition
    • b) Respiration
    • c) Movement
    • d) All of the above
  • What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
    • a) Energy production
    • b) Protein synthesis
    • c) Cell division
    • d) DNA replication

Diversity Of Living Organisms

• Living organisms can be classified into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
• Kingdom Monera includes bacteria and blue-green algae
• Kingdom Protista includes protozoa and algae
• Kingdom Fungi includes mushrooms and moulds
• Kingdom Plantae includes plants
• Kingdom Animalia includes animals
• Diversity of living organisms is seen in different shapes and sizes, modes of nutrition, and habitats

Characteristics Of Living Things

• Living organisms exhibit seven characteristics: Nutrition, Respiration, Movement, Growth and Development, Reproduction, Sensitivity, and Excretion
• Nutrition: Living organisms need food for energy and growth
• Respiration: Living organisms breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
• Movement: Living organisms exhibit movement, either internal or external
• Growth and Development: Living organisms grow and develop over time
• Reproduction: Living organisms produce offspring
• Sensitivity: Living organisms respond to stimuli
• Excretion: Living organisms remove waste products

Levels Of Organization

• Living organisms can be organized into five levels: Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism
• Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of life
• Tissue: A group of similar cells performing a specific function
• Organ: A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function
• Organ System: A group of organs working together to perform a specific function
• Organism: A living individual made up of different organ systems

Cell Structure

• A cell consists of: Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, and Cell Wall (in plant cells)
• Cell Membrane: A thin layer that separates the cell from its environment
• Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
• Nucleus: The control center of the cell where DNA is stored
• Mitochondria: The powerhouses of the cell responsible for energy production
• Cell Wall: A rigid layer outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Basic Biological Needs

• Living organisms require five basic needs: Food, Water, Oxygen, Shelter, and Air
• Food: For energy and growth
• Water: For various cellular activities
• Oxygen: For respiration
• Shelter: For protection from the environment
• Air: For respiration