Classification of Glial Cells Flashcards

Neuroglia

• Neuroglia refers to neural tissue that forms a network of support for neurons within the nervous system.

Glial Cells

• Glial cells are specialized cells in the nervous system that provide essential support functions for neurons.

Types of Nervous System Cells

• The nervous system is comprised of two main types of cells: neurons, which transmit signals, and glial cells, which support and protect neurons.

Nervous System Divisions

• The nervous system is divided into two major parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Types of Glial Cells in CNS

• Key types of glial cells found in the CNS include ependymal cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, each serving distinct roles in brain health and function.

Types of Glial Cells in PNS

• Satellite cells and Schwann cells are the primary glial cells present in the PNS, contributing to neuronal health and functionality.

Functions of Ependymal Cells

• Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain, facilitating the production, circulation, and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Functions of Astrocytes

• Astrocytes maintain the blood-brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate the concentration of ions and nutrients, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of scar tissue.

Functions of Oligodendrocytes

• Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS and provide a structural framework to support neuron organization and signaling.

Function of Microglia

• Microglia serve a protective function by removing cellular debris, waste, and pathogens through a process called phagocytosis.

Functions of Satellite Cells

• Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and help regulate the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and neurotransmitters around these neurons.

Functions of Schwann Cells

• Schwann cells surround all axons in the PNS, are responsible for myelinating peripheral axons, and participate in repair processes following nervous system injury.