Classification of Dyes in Textile
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Questions and Answers

Which type of dye is known for offering bright, full shades and is commonly used in printing?

  • Disperse dyes
  • Acid dyes
  • Direct dyes
  • Basic dyes (correct)

    • Which dyes are used for coloring polyester, polyamide, and acrylic fibers?

  • Vat dyes
  • Reactive dyes
  • Disperse dyes (correct)
  • Sulphur dyes

    • Which type of dye is developed by forming a chemical bond with the fiber?

  • Acid dyes
  • Basic dyes
  • Direct dyes
  • Reactive dyes (correct)

    • Which dyes are mostly used in dyeing wool and nylon?

    <p>Acid dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dye can achieve satisfactory fastness without a mordant?

    <p>Direct dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dye produces colors that are not fast to washing, light, and rubbing?

    <p>Basic dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dyes were originally developed for dyeing cotton using vegetable indigo?

    <p>Vat dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dye is used for cotton and viscose rayon, with colors that are extremely fast but limited to dark shades?

    <p>Sulphur dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dyeing method ensures excellent color fastness but limits the manufacturer's flexibility for final design choices?

    <p>Solution Dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dyeing method can produce a check or plaid fabric design?

    <p>Yarn Dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of design results directly from the process of making the fabric?

    <p>Structural Designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dyeing method involves continuously immersing fabric without strain?

    <p>Beck Dyeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dyeing method requires fabric to run through rollers to squeeze the dye deeper into the yarns?

    <p>Pad Dyeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dyeing involves mixing dyes to ensure fibers made from two or more different materials will dye the same color?

    <p>Union Dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of materials of decoration described in the text?

    <p>High fastness to light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dyeing method is used when fabric is placed in a dye bath containing two or more dyes, each dyeing specific fibers?

    <p>Cross Dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fabrics require the use of a Jacquard loom to produce?

    <p>Damask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oldest method of printing designs on fabrics?

    <p>Block Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which applied design method uses acids to create patterns?

    <p>Burn-Out Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which printing method is known for being faster and relatively inexpensive for large quantities?

    <p>Roller Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of printing involves cutting the design on cardboard, wood, or metal?

    <p>Stencil Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method uses chemicals to remove color from fabrics to create a design?

    <p>Discharge Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of printing creates designs on both the face and back of the fabric simultaneously?

    <p>Duplex Printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which weave design includes extra yarns to create specific structures?

    <p>Lappet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In resist printing, what method is used to prevent parts of the fabric from being dyed?

    <p>A resist paste is coated on both sides of the fabric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which printing method involves immersing the fabric in melted wax with a desired pattern?

    <p>Wax printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which printing method uses rollers to perforate and pleat the material while printing?

    <p>Plisse printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves painting color directly onto the fabric using a brush?

    <p>Free-Hand Painting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of warp printing?

    <p>Only warp yarns are printed before weaving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following designs involves the use of heat, moisture, and steam to produce a raised effect?

    <p>Embossed Designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes rotary printing suitable for long runs?

    <p>It uses a cylindrical screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of calfskin?

    <p>Softness and fine grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In transfer printing, what is placed into a heated press?

    <p>The transfer paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design technique uses tiny pieces of fiber that stick to fabric using adhesive?

    <p>Flocked Designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves using a resist paste on fabric?

    <p>Resist printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method refers to a fabric design that has a 'watered appearance'?

    <p>Moire Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does full-grain leather possess?

    <p>The genuine original grain of the hide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal advantage of rotary printing?

    <p>It is suitable for lengthy production runs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves stitching one piece of fabric to a larger piece of material?

    <p>Applique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is categorized as hide from a fully grown cow?

    <p>Cattle Hide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric is characterized by its ringed or curled appearance formed by drawn-out loop yarns?

    <p>Boucle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric has a stiff finish and is typically used for interlinings in garments?

    <p>Buckram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is a twill weave cotton denim fabric that is durable and heavy?

    <p>Bull Denim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary raw material used in the tanning solution made with tree bark?

    <p>Oak bark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tanning produces a hide that is supple and accepts dyes to a limited extent?

    <p>Combination tanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric was originally a silk shirting fabric known for its tightly woven plain weave?

    <p>Broadcloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically part of the leather finishing process?

    <p>Tanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric is characterized by a dull, nubbed surface effect due to interspersed nubs?

    <p>Bourette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric is a rich Jacquard woven with an all-over design of raised figures and low relief?

    <p>Brocade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property do aniline dyes provide to upholstery leathers?

    <p>Translucent dyeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dye contains some pigments and ensures uniformity in color?

    <p>Semi-Aniline dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric is known for being heavyweight, warm, strong, and absorbent?

    <p>Canton Flannel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric type commonly features a plain, closely woven, inexpensive cloth with an all-over print?

    <p>Calico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric is praised for its silk-like appearance and durability, used in clothes, towels, and beddings?

    <p>Bamboo fabric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bandanna typically made from?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric has a soft and loosely twisted filling yarn that is later brushed to produce a nap?

    <p>Canton Flannel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric is a plain weave coarse fabric usually made from jute or hemp?

    <p>Burlap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fabric originally served as a mourning cloth and has a pebbly appearance?

    <p>Barathea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these fabrics is popular for upholstery due to its high strength and durability?

    <p>Bedford cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fabric originated in Bengal, India, and is used for dresses and draperies?

    <p>Bengaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leather is known for maintaining the original grain, fiber strength, and durability?

    <p>Full-grain leather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leather involves the removal of the surface pattern by abrasion?

    <p>Top-grain leather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of patent leather?

    <p>It has a lacquer coating for glossiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leather is also known as stingray skin leather?

    <p>Shagreen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to preserve the hide and make the leather strong and supple?

    <p>Tanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tanning method uses chromium salts?

    <p>Mineral tanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leather is made from the fibrous part of the hide left after separating the top grain?

    <p>Split leathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leather is noted for being particularly soft and is made from the skin of unborn calves?

    <p>Slink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a moth-resistant finish?

    <p>To make fabrics resistant to attack by moths and carpet beetles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the napping process achieve?

    <p>Raises the fiber ends to create surface fuzziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mark indicates that a fabric has a mechanical shrink-resistant finish?

    <p>Sanforized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of finish is commonly given to loosely constructed fabrics?

    <p>Slip-resistant finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is primarily used in soil- and stain-resistant finishes?

    <p>Silicone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the 'Wash and Wear' finish?

    <p>Drip-dry finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of water-repellent fabrics?

    <p>They allow passage of air, water vapor, and perspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a waterproof finish do to a fabric?

    <p>Totally coats the fabric, making it shed water under all pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finish is often used on rug and upholstery fabrics to repel soil and stains?

    <p>Soil- and stain-resistant finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the application of dyes to fabrics?

    <p>To provide color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to corduroy fabric?

    <p>Wales run in the warp direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes crepe fabric distinct?

    <p>Produced by hard twist yarns, chemical treatment, weave, or embossing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a characteristic of crinoline fabric?

    <p>Stiffened fabric with a low yarn count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of crushed velvet?

    <p>Irregular pattern of nap going in different directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did damask fabric first originate in the Western world?

    <p>Damascus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of duck fabric according to the textile industry?

    <p>Most durable fabric made, closely woven and heavy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is felt typically made from?

    <p>Wool or fur, often mixed with natural or synthetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the name 'dotted Swiss' fabric?

    <p>Saint Galen, Switzerland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'faille' fabric best described?

    <p>Fabric with a crosswise rib effect that is soft and belongs to the grosgrain family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of embroidery is typical of crewels?

    <p>Chain stitch embroidery made with fine, loosely twisted Kashmir yarn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Materials of Decoration

    Classification of Dyes

    • Acid Dyes: oldest synthetic dyes, used for dyeing wool, nylon, silk, and regenerated rayon, not fast to washing, light, and rubbing
    • Basic Dyes: simplest and cheapest synthetic dyes, used for dyeing cotton, linen, and viscose rayon, not fast to washing, light, and rubbing
    • Direct Dyes: achieve satisfactory fastness without a mordant, used for bright, attractive shades
    • Disperse Dyes: used for coloring polyamide, polyester, and acrylic fibers, formerly called acetate dyes
    • Reactive Dyes: used for cotton, linen, and viscose rayon, produce fast shades, wash, light, and perspiration fastness
    • Vat Dyes: used for cotton dyeing, produce dark, fast shades
    • Sulphur Dyes: used for cotton and viscose rayon, produce fast, dark shades, but not fast to chlorine

    Basic Methods of Dyeing Fabrics

    • Solution Dye: dyeing man-made fibers before filament formation, results in excellent color fastness
    • Fiber Dye (or Stock Dye): dyeing fibers before spinning into yarn
    • Yarn Dye: dyeing yarns before weaving into fabric
    • Piece Dye: dyeing fabric after fabrication, also known as dip-dyeing
    • Jig Dyeing: passing open fabric back and forth through a stationary dye bath
    • Winch, Reel or Beck Dyeing: continuously immersing fabric without strain
    • Pad Dyeing: running fabric through a dye bath and then between rollers
    • Cross Dye: dyeing fabric with two or more fibers, each fiber absorbing a different dye
    • Solid Dye: dyeing fabric with one fiber, one color
    • Union Dye: dyeing fabric with two or more fibers, all fibers dye the same color

    Fabric Design

    • Structural Designs: result from the process of making the fabric, created through yarn type and arrangement, weaves, knits, and variations
    • Applied Designs: added to the fabric after it's made, include printing, appliqué, free-hand painting, and more

    Printing Methods

    • Block Printing: oldest method of printing designs on fabrics, using carved wooden or metal blocks
    • Stencil Printing: cutting designs on cardboard, wood, or metal, and applying color through the cut portions
    • Burn-Out Printing: using acids to burn out one of the fibers, leaving a lacy or shear design
    • Discharge or Extract Printing: removing color from the fabric to create a design
    • Roller Printing: using engraved rollers to imprint designs on fabric

    Other Applied Designs

    • Duplex Printing: creating a design on both sides of the fabric, simulating a woven pattern
    • Resist Printing: applying a resist paste to both sides of the fabric, and then dyeing
    • Wax Printing: applying melted wax to the fabric, and then dyeing
    • Plisse Printing: creating a design by applying chemicals and heat to the fabric
    • Warp Printing: printing warp yarns before weaving into fabric

    Leather

    • Processed animal skin, mostly cattle, expensive due to labor-intensive processing, high rejection rate, and cost of aniline dyes
    • Kinds of Hides: cattle hide, calfskin
    • Categories of Leather: full-grain leather, combination tanning, finishing

    Textiles

    • Bamboo Fabric: made from bamboo pulp, sustainable, hypoallergenic, and durable
    • Bandanna: cotton fabric with a printed design
    • Barathea: rib weave fabric with a pebbly appearance
    • Bark Cloth: fabric made from or simulating tree bark
    • Batiste: fine, semi-sheer fabric, usually made of cotton or cotton blends
    • Bedford Cord: cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges
    • Bengaline: sturdy warp-faced fabric with pronounced cross-wise ribs
    • Boned: two or more fabric layers held together with adhesive
    • Bouclé: fabric with a ring appearance, formed by drawn-out loop yarns
    • Bourette: twill weave fabric with a dull, nubbed surface effect
    • Broadcloth: tightly woven plain weave fabric with a crosswise rib
    • Brocade: rich, Jacquard woven fabric with an all-over interwoven design
    • Brocatelle: tightly woven jacquard fabric with a warp effect and a puffed appearance
    • Buckram: ply yarn scrim fabric with a stiff finish
    • Bull Denim: soft, durable denim fabric
    • Burlap or Gunny: plain weave coarse fabric, usually made from jute or hemp
    • Calico: plain, closely woven, inexpensive cloth with an all-over print
    • Cambric: soft, white, closely woven cotton fabric
    • Canton Flannel: twill fabric with a soft, brushed nap
    • Coated: fabrics coated with a substance to make them longer lasting or impervious to water
    • Corduroy: fabric with wales that run in the warp direction
    • Crepe: lightweight fabric with a crinkly surface
    • Crewels: chain stitch embroidery made with a fine, loosely twisted yarn
    • Crinkle: fabric with an uneven surface, created by use of caustic soda### Fabric Types
    • Crinoline: a lightweight, plain weave fabric with a low yarn count and stiffened texture.
    • Crushed: a fabric treated to have a permanently crinkled, crushed, or rumpled appearance.
    • Crushed Velvet: a velvet with an irregular pattern of nap going in different directions, giving a "crushed or rumpled" appearance.
    • Damask: a firm, glossy, Jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and reversible.
    • Denim: a rugged, serviceable, staple cotton cloth with a left-hand twill on the surface.
    • Dimity: a thin, sheer cloth with cords or stripes woven into the fabric, easy to manipulate and launder.
    • Dotted Swiss: a sheer fabric embellished with small dot motifs that may vary in color.
    • Duck: a closely woven, heavy material, and the most durable fabric made, usually made of cotton.
    • Faille: a ribbed cloth with a crosswise rib effect, soft and belonging to the grosgrain family.
    • Felt: a compact, matted woolen material made from wool or fur often mixed with natural or synthetic fibers.
    • Flame Stitch: a printed or woven fabric featuring a jagged, undulating, flame-like, multi-colored pattern.
    • Flannel: a medium-weight, plain or twill weave fabric that is typically made from cotton, a cotton blend, or wool, with a soft hand and brushed on both sides.
    • Flannelette: a type of fabric that is napped on one side or both sides, creating a soft fabric and providing warmth.

    Materials of Decoration

    • Moth-Resistant Finish: a chemical finish for wool fabrics to make them resistant to attack by moths and carpet beetles.
    • Napping: a mechanical finish that raises the fiber ends to create a soft fabric and provides warmth.
    • Shrink-Resistant Finish (Mechanical Method): a finish that eliminates relaxation shrinkage by overfeeding a fabric onto a dyeing frame and applying stretch.
    • Slip-Resistant Finish: a finish that prevents the warp yarns from slipping along the filling yarns, giving permanent firmness to the fabric.
    • Soil- and Stain-Resistant Finish: a chemical finish that repels soil and stain, making fabrics water-repellent.
    • Wash and Wear or Minicare Finish: a finish that allows fabrics to dry smoothly and need little or no ironing after washing.
    • Water-Repellent Finish: a chemical finish that makes a fabric resistant to wetting but not waterproof, allowing passage of air, water vapor, and perspiration.
    • Waterproof Finish: a chemical finish that totally coats the fabric, making it resistant to water under all pressures.

    Dyes and Dyeing

    • Fabrics are available in a variety of colors and designs, with color being one of the most important aspects in fabrics.

    Materials of Decoration

    • Types of Hides:
      • Full-grain leather: the original grain remains, allowing the fiber strength and durability.
      • Top-grain leather: the surface pattern is removed by abrasion, making it thinner and more pliable.
      • Corrected-grain leather: an artificial grain is impressed into the surface.
      • Split leathers: the fibrous part of the hide that is left, often finished as suede.
    • Other Kinds of Leather:
      • Buckskin or brained leather: a supple, suede-like hide, often smoked to prevent it from rotting.
      • Patent Leather: coated with lacquer on the final finishing process to give it its characteristic glossiness.
      • Shagreen: also known as stingray skin leather, used in furniture production.
      • Slink: leather from the skin of unborn calves, particularly soft and highly valued.
    • The following are not "true" leathers, but they contain leather material:
      • Bonded leather: composed of 90% to 100% leather fibers, bonded together with latex binders.
      • Bycast Leather: a split leather with a layer of polyurethane applied to the surface, and then embossed.
    • Steps in Transforming a Hide into Leather:
      • Tanning: used to preserve the hide, making the leather strong, supple, and enduring.
      • Mineral tanning: uses chromium salts, making the leather more subtle and pliable, and does not discolor or lose shape as drastically in water.

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    Learn about the classification of dyes based on their characteristics and application in textile, including acid dyes and pigments.

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