Plant Kingdom Classification

Plant Kingdom Classification

• Vascular Plants: Have a tube-like water transport system consisting of roots, stems, and leaves.
• Non-Vascular Plants: Lack a water transport system, meaning no roots, stems, or leaves are present.

Types of Vascular Plants

• Angiosperm Plants: Vascular plants that produce seeds within flowers and fruits.
• Gymnosperm Plants: Vascular plants that produce cones or naked seeds; do not produce flowers or fruits.

Cellular Organisms

• Bacteria: Small, single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus.
• Protists: Organisms that can be single-celled or multi-celled, sharing traits with plants, fungi, and animals.
• Fungi: Kingdom of organisms with a nucleus, obtaining nutrients through decomposing others.

Seed Classification

• Monocots: Angiosperms characterized by having only one seed leaf.
• Dicots: Angiosperms that possess two seed leaves (cotyledons).

Reproductive Structures

• Spores: Reproductive cells featuring a hard protective coating.
• Seeds: Plant structures encasing a young plant within a protective cover.
• Flowers: Reproductive structures specific to angiosperms.

Plant Structures

• Leaves: Main organs for photosynthesis in vascular plants.
• Stems: Structural supports linking roots and leaves, facilitating water and nutrient transport.
• Fruit: Mature ovary of a flower, protecting dormant seeds and assisting in their dispersal.
• Roots: Absorb water and minerals; anchor the plant in the ground.

Plant Life Cycle

• Progresses through stages: seeds → seedling → young plant → mature adult plant → flowers & fruit.

Specific Plant Types

• Ferns: Seedless vascular plants.
• Moss: Small, herbaceous non-vascular plants in the phylum Bryophyta.
• Conifers: Trees that bear cones.
• Algae: Simple plants without stems or leaves, typically found in or near water.

Additional Classification

• Bryophytes: Non-vascular plants such as moss, liverworts, and hornworts that produce spores.
• Pteridophytes: Seedless vascular plants with small roots, soft stems, and compound leaves, which include ferns.

Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

• Gymnosperms: Vascular plants with "naked seeds", such as pine cones; also known as softwood trees used in paper production.
• Angiosperms: Vascular plants producing flowers and covered seeds within an ovary; the most abundant plant type on Earth, known as hardwood trees suitable for furniture and construction.