Classical Orders in Architecture
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Questions and Answers

What is the Doric Order?

  • The simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles (correct)
  • An architectural style with a triangular top
  • A style featuring fluted columns with volutes
  • The most ornate of the classical orders
  • What features are characteristic of the Ionic Order?

  • Unadorned columns
  • Ornate decorations with leaf carvings
  • Fluted column shaft with volutes and a large base (correct)
  • A triangular pediment
  • What distinguishes the Corinthian Order?

  • It is characterized by an elaborate capital with leaf carvings (correct)
  • It features a plain unornamented lintel
  • It has no fluted shaft
  • It has no base
  • What is a pediment?

    <p>The triangular top of a temple that contains sculpture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cornice?

    <p>Projecting molding on a building, usually above columns or pillars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a frieze refer to in architecture?

    <p>A broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, especially on a wall near the ceiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an entablature?

    <p>A horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an architrave?

    <p>A plain, unornamented lintel on the entablature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a column.

    <p>An upright pillar, typically cylindrical, supporting an arch, entablature, or other structure or standing alone as a monument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a column shaft?

    <p>The vertical segment of a column between the base and the capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is entasis?

    <p>A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fluting in relation to columns?

    <p>A series of shallow concave grooves, vertical on the shaft of a column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capital of an Ionic column?

    <p>The top part of an Ionic column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a volute?

    <p>A spiral, scroll-like form characteristic of the ancient Greek Ionic and the Roman Composite capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rosette?

    <p>An ornament or pattern resembling a rose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acanthus leaf motif represent?

    <p>A motif in classical architecture found on Corinthian columns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the base of a column.

    <p>The bottom part of Corinthian columns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Anta temple?

    <p>An architectural term describing the posts or pillars on either side of a doorway or entrance of a Greek temple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a double anta?

    <p>Pillars in the front and back of the temple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tholos?

    <p>An ancient Greek circular shrine with columns all around.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define prostyle in classical architecture.

    <p>A classical temple plan in which the columns are only in front of the cella and not on the sides or back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does amphiprostyle mean?

    <p>Having four columns in the front and rear of a temple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dipteral architecture?

    <p>A double row of colonnades all around the cella and its porches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes peripteral architecture?

    <p>A single row of columns on all sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define pseudoperipteral.

    <p>A series of engaged columns all around the sides and back of the cella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pseudodipteral mean?

    <p>Having an arrangement of columns suggesting a dipteral structure but without the inner colonnade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a podium in classical architecture?

    <p>The platform for the temple reached by stairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the naos or cella?

    <p>The nucleus of the Greek temple where the statue of the deity resides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pronaos?

    <p>The space, or porch, in front of the cella, or naos, of an ancient Greek temple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Forum of Trajan?

    <p>A forum and markets in Rome, Italy, completed in 112 C.E.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Column of Trajan known for?

    <p>It's a Roman triumphal column in Rome that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are a few monuments influenced by victories?

    <p>Column of Trajan and Temple of Castor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classical Orders in Architecture

    • Doric Order: Simplest Greek style; features unadorned columns without a base.
    • Ionic Order: Characterized by fluted columns, capitals with spiral volutes, and large bases.
    • Corinthian Order: Most ornate style; includes a base, fluted columns, and decorative leaf carvings on the capital.

    Architectural Elements

    • Pediment: Triangular upper part of a temple adorned with sculptures.
    • Cornice: Projecting molding above columns or pillars.
    • Frieze: Broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration typically found near the ceiling.
    • Entablature: Continuous horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of architrave, frieze, and cornice.
    • Architrave: Plain lintel at the bottom of the entablature.
    • Column: Upright pillar, often cylindrical, that supports arches, entablatures, or stands alone.

    Column Details

    • Column Shaft: Vertical portion of a column between the base and capital.
    • Entasis: Slight convex curve in the column shaft, correcting visual illusions of concavity.
    • Fluting: Series of shallow vertical grooves on the column shaft.
    • Capital: Top part of an Ionic column, decorative and functional.
    • Volute: Spiral scroll-like form found on Ionic and Composite capitals.

    Ornamentation and Motifs

    • Rosette: Rose-like ornamentation, often used as a badge of office or honor.
    • Acanthus Leaf: Decorative motif seen on Corinthian columns.
    • Base: Bottom part of Corinthian columns.

    Temple Architecture

    • Anta Temple: Refers to posts or pillars adjacent to temple doorways.
    • Double Anta: Pillars located at the front and back of the temple, enhancing symmetry.
    • Tholos: Ancient Greek circular shrine encircled by columns.

    Temple Plans

    • Prostyle: Temple layout with columns only at the front, no side or rear columns.
    • Amphiprostyle: Temple design featuring four columns at both front and back.
    • Dipteral: Double row of colonnades encircling the cella and porches.
    • Peripteral: Single row of columns surrounding the entire temple.
    • Pseudoperipteral: Engaged columns create the illusion of a peripteral layout.
    • Pseudodipteral: Columns suggest a dipteral setup without an inner colonnade.

    Foundation and Space

    • Podium: Raised platform of the temple, accessed by stairs, typically built from brick and faced with marble or travertine.
    • Naos or Cella: Central area of a Greek temple housing the deity's statue.
    • Pronaos: Porch area in front of the naos.

    Notable Monuments

    • Forum of Trajan: Architectural complex in Rome designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, includes a forum and markets built between 106-112 C.E., with the column completed in 113 C.E.
    • Column of Trajan: Roman triumphal column erected in 113 C.E. commemorating Emperor Trajan's victories in the Dacian Wars.

    Influential Monuments from Victories

    • Column of Trajan: Celebrates Trajan's triumphs in Dacian Wars.
    • Temple of Castor: Associated with Castor and Pollux, believed to aid the Republic during battle; stands on the site where they supposedly announced the victory.

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    Description

    Explore the three main classical orders in architecture through flashcards. Learn about the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles, distinguishing their features and historical significance. This quiz will test your knowledge and help you understand the foundations of classical architecture.

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