Classical Architecture Quiz

Column Structure and Components

• Entablature: A horizontal lintel in classical architecture supported by columns or walls, composed of the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
• Frieze: A decorative horizontal band, often sculpted or painted, located near the ceiling.
• Architrave: The unadorned lower section of the entablature that directly rests on the capitals of columns.
• Abacus: The flat slab at the top of a capital, providing a base for the architrave.
• Echinus: The convex part of a capital located beneath the abacus, contributing to the overall shape of the capital.

Capital and Column Types

• Capital: The top element of a column or pilaster, comprising the abacus and echinus.
• Stylobate: The continuous base that supports a series of columns in classical Greek architecture.
• Doric Column: The oldest Greek order, known for its sturdy fluted design, plain capitals, and lack of a base; symbolizes strength.
• Ionic Column: Recognized for its scroll-shaped capitals (volutes), this column has a rounded base and delicate fluting, often thought of as more feminine.
• Corinthian Column: The most ornate order featuring capitals with elaborate leaf motifs. It is characterized by a taller and more slender design with a base similar to the Ionic style.

Architectural Details

• Metope: The square area between triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often used for decorative reliefs.
• Triglyph: A three-grooved, projecting element of a Doric frieze that alternates with metopes.
• Entasis: A subtle curvature in a column's shaft designed to combat the visual illusion of concavity in straight columns.
• Volute: The decorative scroll-like element found on Ionic capitals, resembling a curled scroll.
• Fluting: Vertical concave grooves running along the shaft of a column, enhancing its aesthetic appeal.

Supporting Structures and Features

• Balustrade: A protective railing along balconies or staircases to prevent falls.
• Parapet: A low wall or railing atop a structure such as a balcony, providing safety.
• Pilaster: A rectangular column that serves as a decorative element on walls, projecting outward.

Key Orders of Greek Architecture

• Three Main Orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian represent the evolution of Greek architectural styles, each with unique characteristics reflecting different aesthetic values.