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Questions and Answers
What does the term Renaissance refer to?
What does the term Renaissance refer to?
Is Italian in origin, first put forth by 9th c historian Jacob Burkhardt in 1875.
One of the finest examples of French chateau architecture is the Chateaux de ___________.
One of the finest examples of French chateau architecture is the Chateaux de ___________.
Chenonceau
Which monarch invited esteemed Italian artists like Leonardo to his court?
Which monarch invited esteemed Italian artists like Leonardo to his court?
Francois I
Italy was the centre and more ________ than elsewhere during the Renaissance.
Italy was the centre and more ________ than elsewhere during the Renaissance.
What was the nature of competition among the city-states of the Early Italian Renaissance?
What was the nature of competition among the city-states of the Early Italian Renaissance?
Venice's wealth resulted from all but which of the following?
Venice's wealth resulted from all but which of the following?
What reflects Venice's position as a link between East and West?
What reflects Venice's position as a link between East and West?
What city commissioned Lorenzetti's Good Government fresco?
What city commissioned Lorenzetti's Good Government fresco?
Florence was the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its wealth accumulated from which two trades?
Florence was the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its wealth accumulated from which two trades?
What type of government did Florence have in the early Renaissance?
What type of government did Florence have in the early Renaissance?
Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?
Who provided patronage for Renaissance humanists and artists like Michelangelo in Florence?
Who provided patronage for Renaissance humanists and artists like Michelangelo in Florence?
What is the last half of the fifteenth century in Florence known as?
What is the last half of the fifteenth century in Florence known as?
What does Classical Humanism refer to?
What does Classical Humanism refer to?
How did Humanism differ from earlier revivals?
How did Humanism differ from earlier revivals?
Petrarch is called the Father of Humanism for all but which reason?
Petrarch is called the Father of Humanism for all but which reason?
Petrarch was one of the first poets to write in what form?
Petrarch was one of the first poets to write in what form?
What was the Renaissance studiolo?
What was the Renaissance studiolo?
Many Renaissance humanists were affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church.
Many Renaissance humanists were affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church.
What did Humanists place great emphasis on?
What did Humanists place great emphasis on?
In the 14th century, the scholastic approach to learning was being tempered by a renewed interest in classical literature.
In the 14th century, the scholastic approach to learning was being tempered by a renewed interest in classical literature.
What aided the spread of the Renaissance?
What aided the spread of the Renaissance?
Why was the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 important to the Italian Renaissance?
Why was the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 important to the Italian Renaissance?
Where was Greek learning exported from during the Renaissance?
Where was Greek learning exported from during the Renaissance?
What is Finino known for?
What is Finino known for?
Which is NOT an essential part of the definition of virtù, according to Alberti?
Which is NOT an essential part of the definition of virtù, according to Alberti?
According to Alberti, __________ is the cause of many evils.
According to Alberti, __________ is the cause of many evils.
According to Alberti, humans are absolutely free to choose their own nature.
According to Alberti, humans are absolutely free to choose their own nature.
Alberti reflects the ancient Greek and Roman value that business is a dishonorable profession.
Alberti reflects the ancient Greek and Roman value that business is a dishonorable profession.
What is Alberti's opinion of the business of money-making?
What is Alberti's opinion of the business of money-making?
What makes Pico unusual for his time?
What makes Pico unusual for his time?
In Pico's Oration on the Dignity of Man, what does he proclaim?
In Pico's Oration on the Dignity of Man, what does he proclaim?
In his Oration on the Dignity of Man, what rank in creation does God assign to humankind?
In his Oration on the Dignity of Man, what rank in creation does God assign to humankind?
Which of the following does Pico's Oration not emphasize?
Which of the following does Pico's Oration not emphasize?
Castiglione established the educational ideal in the person of l'uomo universale (the well-rounded individual).
Castiglione established the educational ideal in the person of l'uomo universale (the well-rounded individual).
What was not a characteristic of Castiglione's model courtier?
What was not a characteristic of Castiglione's model courtier?
What was the primary obligation of the well-rounded male courtier according to Castiglione?
What was the primary obligation of the well-rounded male courtier according to Castiglione?
What English word best captures the sense of Castiglione's description of a perfect courtier trained in mediocrit?
What English word best captures the sense of Castiglione's description of a perfect courtier trained in mediocrit?
What does Sprezzatura suggest about the courtier?
What does Sprezzatura suggest about the courtier?
According to Alberti, only a lack of education prevented women from realizing their full potential.
According to Alberti, only a lack of education prevented women from realizing their full potential.
According to Castiglione, in what should the Renaissance lady be most like the gentleman?
According to Castiglione, in what should the Renaissance lady be most like the gentleman?
Lavinia Fontana's subject in her portrait is clearly a member of which class?
Lavinia Fontana's subject in her portrait is clearly a member of which class?
Sofonisba Anguissola was the first female artist known to have become famous among her contemporaries.
Sofonisba Anguissola was the first female artist known to have become famous among her contemporaries.
Whose errors does Marinella point to as the basis for misogyny?
Whose errors does Marinella point to as the basis for misogyny?
Why do men dress like soldiers according to Marinella?
Why do men dress like soldiers according to Marinella?
What distinguishes the humanist letter of Cereta from Marinella's treatise?
What distinguishes the humanist letter of Cereta from Marinella's treatise?
What was one factor that increased the number of women writers in the Renaissance?
What was one factor that increased the number of women writers in the Renaissance?
Fra Savonarola had a significant impact on which of the following?
Fra Savonarola had a significant impact on which of the following?
What marked the end of the Golden Age of Lorenzo and the decline of Florence's support for the arts?
What marked the end of the Golden Age of Lorenzo and the decline of Florence's support for the arts?
Study Notes
Renaissance Overview
- The term "Renaissance" originates from Italian, introduced by historian Jacob Burkhardt in the 9th century.
- It represents a major cultural revival that emphasized classical learning and artistic expression.
Architectural Highlights
- Chenonceau is a prime example of French chateau architecture, showcasing a blend of Gothic style and Renaissance elements with its cross-shaped design and central staircase.
Influential Monarchs
- Francois I aimed to uplift France’s cultural standing by inviting renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci to his court.
Italian City-States Dynamics
- Italy's relatively low feudalism and an agricultural economy are among the lesser reasons it became the Renaissance's epicenter, which heavily relied on commercial rivalry among city-states, akin to ancient Greece.
Wealth and Power in Venice
- Venice’s wealth stemmed from trade, excluding papal influence as a contributing factor.
St. Mark's Basilica
- St. Mark's Basilica features Byzantine architecture and includes Latin and Greek inscriptions reflecting Venice's role as a cultural bridge between East and West.
Political Turbulence
- Italian city-states experienced frequent political upheaval, making art like Lorenzetti's Good Government fresco crucial for civic identity, commissioned by Siena’s city leaders.
Florence's Economic Base
- Florence, a cradle of the Renaissance, thrived on its wool and banking trades.
Government Structure
- Florence operated under a representative government during the early Renaissance period.
Misconceptions of Renaissance Appeal
- The Renaissance primarily attracted the middle class rather than nobility.
Medici Influence
- The Medici family played a pivotal role in supporting Renaissance artists and humanists through their financial and political clout.
The Laurentian Era
- Lorenzo de Medici, known as "Il Magnifico," was a significant figure in Florence's cultural development, with the latter 15th century referred to as the Laurentian Era.
Humanism Defined
- Classical Humanism emerged as an intellectual movement focused on reviving Greek and Roman texts and valuing human dignity, contrasting with Medieval beliefs of mankind's worthlessness.
Broader Appeal of Humanism
- Unlike previous revivals, humanism appealed to a wider audience beyond theologians.
Petrarch's Contributions
- Petrarch, recognized as the "Father of Humanism," was notable for his passion for antiquity, although not for using the printing press as a dissemination tool.
Influence of Greek Literature
- The Aeneid by Virgil and Aristotle's works became fundamental texts in the study of classical literature, reinforcing humanistic ideologies.
Spread of Renaissance Ideas
- The Renaissance expanded due to advancements in printing technology, improved transportation, and language studies among scholars.
Fall of Constantinople
- The 1453 Fall of Constantinople resulted in an influx of Greek scholars and manuscripts into Italy, significantly influencing the Renaissance.
Role of Scholars
- Scholars in Florence, particularly within Federico da Montefeltro’s studiolo, played essential roles in exporting Greek learning across Europe.
Alberti's Ideals
- Alberti emphasized classical education and hard work for personal development, associating idleness with societal ills.
Individual Choice in Humanism
- Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Man framed human beings as fundamentally free to choose, highlighting the significance of free will in humanistic thought.
Castiglione's Courtier
- Castiglione laid out the ideal of the well-rounded individual in "The Book of the Courtier," emphasizing moral action over appearance.
Gender Perspectives
- Despite advocating for education, Alberti stated that women's lack of education impeded potential; Castiglione suggested women should emulate men in cultural knowledge.
Women in Renaissance Art
- Lavinia Fontana emerged as a distinguished female artist, while Sofonisba Anguissola gained recognition for her talent among her six artistic sisters.
Misogyny in Philosophy
- Lucretia Marinella countered criticisms of women, attributing misogynistic views to Aristotle, and pointed out societal expectations placed on men.
Influence of Print
- The advent of printed books facilitated an increase in female writers during the Renaissance.
Savonarola's Impact
- Fra Savonarola's denunciation of humanism influenced Florence's populace and noted figures like Botticelli and Pico della Mirandola.
Decline of Artistic Patronage
- The Laurentian Era's decline in Florence's role as a cultural hub coincided with Savonarola's temporary ascendance to power.
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Explore the key concepts of Classical Humanism during the Renaissance through flashcards. Understand terms and architectural examples that highlight this influential period in history. Perfect for students wanting to enhance their knowledge and retention of Renaissance art and culture.
