Classical Conditioning Quiz: Biological Psychology Lecture 1.1

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Questions and Answers

Classical conditioning, also known as ______ or respondent conditioning, is a form of learning through association.

Pavlovian

the second stage of classical conditioning is called _____?

Acquisition

What is the third stage of classical conditioning ____?

Extinction

What is the fourth stage of classical conditioning____?

Spontaneous recovery Signup and view all the answers

what is the fifth stage of classical conditioning____?

Generalisation Signup and view all the answers

What is the sixth stage of classical conditioning____?

Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is the two first things needed to develop classical conditioning?

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and unconditioned response (UCR). Signup and view all the answers

What is the third thing added to develop classical conditioning ?

Neutral stimulus (NS). Signup and view all the answers

What do you pair with (UCS) and (UCR) in classical conditioning?

Neutral stimulus (NS). Signup and view all the answers

After the conditioning stage, the neutral stimulus is now conditioned with what?

The condtioned response. Signup and view all the answers

The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) = The UCS involuntarily elicits the unconditioned response. Simply presenting this stimulus will result in the UCR occurring. The Unconditioned Response (UCR) = The UCR is an innate or unlearned response to the UCS. • The UCR is usually reflexive & a response of the autonomic nervous system. The Conditioned Stimulus (CS) = The CS starts as a "neutral" event (NS) that does not elicit the UCR. • The CS is then paired with the UCS during the experiment. The Conditioned Response (CR) = The CR is a learnt response to the CS, which occurs as a result of the UCS and CS being paired. • It resembles the UCR but often is not identical. Signup and view all the answers

Reinforcement: = Temporal or spatial pairing of the 2 stimuli (CS & UCS). Acquisition: = "Initial stage of learning something" (Weiten, 2007, p.220). • Usually several pairings of the CS and UCS are needed before the CR is fully developed. • The first series of CS-UCS pairings, and gradual appearance and strengthening of the CR occurs during the acquisition phase of the experiment. • Proceeds more quickly if the intensity of the UCS increases (i.e., a louder bell or tone; a stronger puff of air) Extinction: = This procedure produces a reduction and eventual disappearance of the CR. • It involves repeatedly presenting the CS without the UCS (Weiten, 2007, p.220). Spontaneous Recovery: = The "reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure" to the CS (Weiten, 2007, pp.221-222). • That is, conditioned responses have reappeared. • Extinction does not simply "erase" the previous learning, or permanently “destroy" the CS—UCS pairing. Signup and view all the answers

Unlike classical conditioning, which tends to focus onor involuntary behaviours (largely controlled by stimuli that or come before the response), there is another type of conditioning, which focuses on voluntary or behaviours. The organism ‘operates’ on the environment and does not just react to stimuli.

Reflexive, precede, non-reflexive Signup and view all the answers

The first stage of classical conditioning is called ____?

Reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Introduction

Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, is a form of learning through association. Proposed by John Watson based on Ivan Pavlov's observations, classical conditioning involves linking two stimuli together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.

Three Stages of Classical Conditioning

The process of classical conditioning consists of three stages:

Stage 1: Before Conditioning

In this stage, an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an unconditioned response (UCR) in an organism. No new behavior has been learned yet.

Stage 2: During Conditioning

A stimulus that produces no response (neutral stimulus, NS) is associated with the UCS, becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS). For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus should occur before the unconditioned stimulus, not during or after.

Stage 3: After Conditioning

After repeated pairings of the UCS and CS, a conditioned response (CR) similar to the original UCR emerges.

Pavlov's Experiments with Dogs

One of the most famous examples of classical conditioning is Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs, who salivated in response to a bell tone. By pairing the sound of the bell with the presentation of food, the dogs learned to associate the bell with feeding time, leading them to salivate just at the sound of the bell.

The Roles of Extinction, Generalization, and Discrimination

Extinction occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS, and the CR eventually disappears. Generalization refers to the spreading of the CR from one stimulus to related stimuli, while discrimination is the ability to differentiate between the original CS and other similar stimuli.

Classical Conditioning Today

Classical conditioning continues to be relevant in various fields, including psychology, education, and marketing. For instance, Pavlov's principle can help explain why we often crave certain foods after seeing their advertisements, as exposure to the advertisement becomes associated with the pleasant sensation of consuming the food.

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Description

Explore the principles of classical conditioning through Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the three stages of classical conditioning, and the roles of extinction, generalization, and discrimination. Learn how classical conditioning impacts behavior in various fields today.