Questions and Answers
What is classical conditioning?
What is a conditioned response?
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
A previously neutral stimulus that now causes a conditioned response.
What does conditioning refer to?
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What is extinction in classical conditioning?
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What is a response in classical conditioning?
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Define stimulus.
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What is taste aversion?
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What is an unconditioned response?
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Define unconditioned stimulus.
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What is spontaneous recovery?
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How does the bell-and-pad method work?
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Conditioning works by pairing different stimuli together so that one instigates a response in the other.
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How do the US, UR, CS, and CR work together in classical conditioning?
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A stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response is a(n) ______.
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In flooding, a person is exposed to a specific fear-provoking stimulus until the fear is extinguished.
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The method of _________ involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until they are no longer afraid of it.
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Something that produces a response is called a ________.
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A response that is automatic, or not learned, is called a(n) __.
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Classical conditioning is useful to animals and people because it helps them do all of the following except __________.
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Classical conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of:
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In the method called ___, a person is exposed to a harmless stimulus until the fear responses are extinguished.
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What is counterconditioning?
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Spontaneous recovery can occur.
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A conditioned response occurs __________.
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning Overview
- Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus elicits an unconditioned response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces that response.
Key Terms
- Conditioned Response (CR): A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US) through pairing, eliciting a conditioned response.
- Unconditioned Response (UR): An unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus.
- Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A stimulus that triggers an unlearned response automatically.
Processes in Classical Conditioning
- Extinction: Occurs when a conditioned response fades due to the absence of the unconditioned stimulus following the conditioned stimulus.
- Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest.
Learning Mechanisms
- Conditioning: Establishes stimulus-response connections, where the relationship between stimulus and response is conditional.
- Taste Aversion: A specific type of classical conditioning where a food is avoided after it is associated with illness, demonstrating a learned aversion.
Application and Techniques
- Bell-and-Pad Method: Used for bedwetting; the bell alerts a child of bladder tension, creating a conditioned response to wake up.
- Flooding: A method exposing individuals to fear-inducing stimuli until the fear diminishes; effective in extinguishing phobias.
- Counterconditioning: Reverses negative associations by pairing a feared stimulus with a pleasurable one to eliminate fear responses.
- Systematic Desensitization: Gradual exposure combined with relaxation techniques, aiming to reduce anxiety related to feared stimuli.
Misconceptions
- Classical conditioning does not enable learning through observation, highlighting its limitations compared to other learning models.
Learning Outcomes
- Classical conditioning supports both animals and humans by enabling them to adapt behaviors in response to environmental stimuli.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of classical conditioning, including key terms such as conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and the processes involved like extinction and spontaneous recovery. Test your understanding of this essential learning theory and its mechanisms.
