Classical Conditioning in Psychology
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of stimuli are associated with defensive or appetitive reflex responses?

  • Biologically significant stimuli (correct)
  • Reinforcing stimuli
  • Conditioned stimuli
  • Biologically nonsignificant stimuli

    • What is the primary goal of associative learning?

  • To habituate to unconditioned stimuli
  • To learn causal structures of the environment (correct)
  • To avoid biologically significant stimuli
  • To sensitise to reinforcing stimuli

    • What is another term for associative learning?

  • Habituation
  • Sensitisation
  • Classical conditioning
  • Conditioning (correct)

    • Why are conditioned learning processes conserved across species?

    <p>Because they are related to survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning involves learning the causal structure of the environment?

    <p>Associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do unconditioned stimuli naturally cause?

    <p>Appetitive or defensive reflex responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of learning associations between environmental events?

    <p>It is especially important for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning is discussed in the next lecture?

    <p>Another form of associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classically conditioned response?

    <p>A learned reflex response to a stimulus that would not usually cause it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of association learned in classical conditioning?

    <p>Between a stimulus that reliably predicts another stimulus which is itself naturally associated with a defensive or appetitive reflex response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stimulus that naturally causes a reflex response?

    <p>Unconditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of learning an involuntary association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus called?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the neutral stimulus used by Pavlov in his experiment?

    <p>The sound of a bell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pavlov want to see if the bell could do through repeated association with food during learning?

    <p>Cause salivation on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the three stages described by Pavlov in the process of classical conditioning?

    <p>Three phases of classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

    <p>Conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the learning outcomes in classical conditioning?

    <p>The understanding of the processes, terminology, and phenomena of classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary subject of Pavlov's original research?

    <p>The mechanisms of digestion in dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where a conditioned response is no longer elicited after repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where a conditioned response is elicited by a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus?

    <p>Stimulus generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unconditioned response that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus?

    <p>UCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where a previously extinguished conditioned response suddenly reappears after a period of time?

    <p>Spontaneous recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of providing learning outcomes at the beginning of each lecture?

    <p>To guide students on the key areas of focus in the lecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where a conditioned response is elicited by a stimulus that is different from the conditioned stimulus?

    <p>Stimulus discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the bell before conditioning?

    <p>Initially Neutral Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the UCS and UCR?

    <p>The UCS and UCR are both innate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the acquisition trials?

    <p>To teach Ollie to associate the bell with the treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the temporal sequencing of events important in the conditioning process?

    <p>Because the treat must be presented after the bell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the stimulus that causes a reflex response?

    <p>Unconditioned Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the conditioning process?

    <p>Ollie learns to associate the bell with the treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the UCS and UCR?

    <p>They are both innate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of presenting the NS before the UCS in the conditioning process?

    <p>To teach Ollie to associate the bell with the treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary topic of the quote from J.B. Watson?

    <p>The role of classical conditioning in shaping human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Watson's view on human development contrast with the prevailing views of his time?

    <p>He believed that human behavior is primarily influenced by environment, whereas others thought it was shaped by genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the psychologist who is quoted in the passage?

    <p>John Brodus Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Watson's experiment with the human infant?

    <p>To demonstrate the power of classical conditioning in shaping human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the debate that Watson's view is part of?

    <p>The Nature-Nurture debate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Pavlov's work in relation to Watson's views?

    <p>Pavlov's work demonstrated the power of classical conditioning in shaping animal behavior, which influenced Watson's views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of Watson's quote about the role of environment in shaping human behavior?

    <p>That human behavior can be shaped by environment, regardless of innate talents or abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea that Watson is trying to convey through his quote?

    <p>That the environment has the power to shape human behavior, regardless of innate talents or abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classical Conditioning

    • Learning predictive relationships between environmental events and biologically significant stimuli
    • Involves learning associations between stimuli, and/or between stimuli and behavioral responses
    • Also known as associative learning: learning associations between stimuli, and/or between stimuli and behavioral responses

    Ivan Pavlov

    • Russian physiologist who studied digestion using dogs
    • Found unexpected outcomes of his work with dogs, leading to the study of classical conditioning

    Key Concepts

    • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus that naturally causes a defensive or appetitive reflex response
    • Unconditioned Response (UCR): a reflex response to a UCS
    • Neutral Stimulus (NS): a stimulus that does not cause a reflex response on its own
    • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): a neutral stimulus that becomes associated with a UCS and can cause a conditioned response
    • Conditioned Response (CR): a learned reflex response to a CS

    Three Phases of Classical Conditioning

    • Before Conditioning: existing conditions, innate reflex responses, and neutral stimuli
    • During Conditioning: association of NS with UCS, repeated over several trials
    • After Conditioning: learned association between NS and UCS, resulting in a conditioned response

    Example of Classical Conditioning

    • Pavlov's experiment with dogs: associating the sound of a bell with food to elicit salivation
    • Ollie's example: learning to associate the sound of a bell with a treat to elicit salivation

    Impact of Classical Conditioning

    • Influenced John Brodus Watson's work on behaviorism
    • Watson's belief in the role of conditioned learning in shaping human development
    • Contributed to the Nature-Nurture debate

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Understand the processes and terminology of classical conditioning, including habituation, sensitisation, stimulus generalisation, and more. Apply this knowledge to analyse new scenarios and outcomes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser