Classical Composers and Sonata Form
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Questions and Answers

Which of these composers is known as one of the most prolific composers of the Classical era?

  • Beethoven
  • Haydn (correct)
  • Mozart
  • Handel

    • Which of the following best describes the changes made in the three-part view of sonata form?

  • The exposition section became shorter and the development section was removed.
  • The development section became shorter and the second half repeat was added.
  • The recapitulation section was removed and the development section was repeated.
  • The development section became longer and the second half repeat was dropped. (correct)

    • Which composer lived to be 57 years old?

  • Mozart
  • Haydn
  • Beethoven (correct)
  • Handel

    • What is the typical structure of "Rounded binary" form?

    <p>A, A, B, A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genre was primarily intended for amateur musicians?

    <p>String quartets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Enlightenment period?

    <p>Importance of religious authority and dogma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these composers was born 24 years after Haydn?

    <p>Mozart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year is considered the typical end of the Classical era and the beginning of the Romantic era?

    <p>1825 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the period of Beethoven's compositions from 1803 to 1814?

    <p>Middle Period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symphony is considered Beethoven's only programmatic symphony?

    <p>Symphony No. 6, 'Pastoral' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the piano sonata that Beethoven composed in his early period, known for its dramatic nature?

    <p>Pathetique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the overture that is more frequently heard than the opera itself?

    <p>Leonore Overture No. 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the famous motive that rises and falls in the first movement of Beethoven's Eroica Symphony?

    <p>Eroica Motive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following works is known for its double fugue in the finale?

    <p>Symphony No. 9, 'Choral' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the string quartets that Beethoven composed for Count Razumovsky?

    <p>Rasoumovsky Quartets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the piano concerto that is known as 'The Emperor'?

    <p>Piano Concerto No. 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the string quartet that contains a passage in the Lydian mode?

    <p>String Quartet Op. 132 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beethoven's music in his third period is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>More introspective and complex writing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Heiligenstadt Testament?

    <p>It is a letter expressing his despair over his deafness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pieces was intended for Archduke Rudolph's coronation?

    <p>Misa Solemnis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the style period that Beethoven respected and felt obligated to emulate in his early career?

    <p>Classical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beethoven's decision to scratch out the dedication of the Eroica Symphony was a response to what event?

    <p>Napoleon's coronation as Emperor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two examples of pieces that Beethoven composed in his early period?

    <p>Piano Sonata Op. 13 'Pathetique' and String Quartets Op. 18 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Beethoven's musical style in his middle period?

    <p>Dramatic and expressive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer is known as the 'London Bach'?

    <p>Johann Christian Bach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the most strongly associated with the 'Empfindstile' musical style?

    <p>Johann Christian Bach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer is known for his opera buffa and keyboard works, and is most famous for his adept use of 'schema'?

    <p>Baldassare Galuppi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the librettist for several of Mozart's most popular operas, including Don Giovanni, Cosi fan Tutte, and Le Nozze di Figaro?

    <p>Lorenzo da Ponte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer wrote the opera The Creation?

    <p>William Billings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the most successful Italian opera seria composer in Europe during the middle of the 18th century?

    <p>Niccolò Jommelli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer was known for his da capo arias and work in the opera seria style?

    <p>Niccolò Jommelli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prominent opera buffa composer was a child prodigy and died young at the age of 26?

    <p>Giovanni Paisiello (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a child prodigy and toured Europe assimilating various musical styles?

    <p>Wolfgang Mozart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer worked for the Archbishop of Salzburg and played a pivotal role in the development of his children’s musical talents?

    <p>Leopold Mozart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer is best known for his harpsichord sonatas?

    <p>Domenico Scarlatti (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which musical instrument was widely used by Mozart and came into its own in the late 18th century?

    <p>Piano (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary idea might influence a piece of music written in a minor key?

    <p>Storm and Stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which opera type, originating in France, features spoken dialogue and is associated with a specific language?

    <p>Opera Comique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer's Jupiter Symphony demonstrated his use of 'learned style' and four-part counterpoint?

    <p>Wolfgang Mozart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which collection of music is considered an early example of Singspiel?

    <p>The Magic Flute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer is not credited with composing a significant amount of opera?

    <p>Joseph Haydn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Haydn dates

    Haydn was born in 1732 and died in 1809.

    Mozart dates

    Mozart was born in 1756 and died in 1791.

    Beethoven dates

    Beethoven was born in 1770 and died in 1827.

    Classical vs Romantic

    The transition from Classical to Romantic music occurred around 1825.

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    Sonata form

    Sonata form can vary in structure, often part one and part two.

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    Amateur genres

    Genres like string quartets were mainly for amateur musicians.

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    Rounded binary

    Rounded binary form is structured as AABA.

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    Balanced binary

    Balanced binary form involves two parts, A and B, with distinct sections.

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    Heiligenstadt Testament

    A letter by Beethoven expressing his despair over deafness and commitment to music.

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    Beethoven's Early Period

    The phase up to 1802 focused on string and piano compositions.

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    Eroica Symphony

    Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, notable for its dramatic motifs and funeral march.

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    Fifth Symphony

    Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, known for its iconic fate motif at the start.

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    Pastoral Symphony

    Beethoven's Symphony No. 6, a programmatic work with five peaceful movements.

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    Rasoumovsky Quartets

    A set of string quartets by Beethoven, aimed at professional musicians, not amateurs.

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    Piano Concertos 4 and 5

    Concertos that begin with piano cadenzas, showcasing unique composition styles.

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    Fidelio

    Beethoven's only opera, originally titled Leonore, focusing on themes of freedom and rescue.

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    Last Period of Beethoven

    Period from 1814 to his death, showing introspective music with fugue and variation.

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    Ninth Symphony

    Beethoven's final symphony featuring a choral finale and complex double fugue.

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    Misa Solemnis

    An elaborate mass composed by Beethoven for Archduke Rudolph, later becoming a concert piece.

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    Symphonic Form Changes

    Transition in symphonic structure seen in Beethoven's works, especially in concertos and symphonies.

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    Influence of Napoleon

    Napoleon's rise impacted Beethoven’s beliefs about liberty and equality, changing his dedication approach.

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    Fernica Lita Opus 98

    The first song cycle ever written by Beethoven.

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    CPE Bach's Style

    Known for his 'sensitive style'.

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    JC Bach

    Known as the 'London Bach', started the gallant style.

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    Christoph Willibald Gluck

    Key figure in opera reform, involved in dramatic presentation.

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    Da Ponte

    The librettist for several popular Mozart operas.

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    Hiller

    Principal composer of Singspiel in the 18th century.

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    Rousseau

    A philosopher and composer associated with the galant style.

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    Galupi

    Famous for both opera buffa and keyboard works, 1750s composer.

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    Mozart

    Child prodigy who assimilated various musical styles.

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    Scarlatti

    Composer of over 500 single-movement harpsichord sonatas.

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    Clarinet

    A woodwind instrument invented in the late 18th century.

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    Storm und Drang

    A literary and musical movement expressed in minor keys.

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    Singspiel

    A type of German opera with spoken dialogue.

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    Continental Harmony

    A significant collection by Billings featuring fuguing tunes.

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    The Magic Flute

    A late example of Singspiel from 1789.

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    Study Notes

    Composers and Dates

    • Handel: 1685-1759
    • Haydn: 1732-1809
    • Mozart: 1756-1791
    • Beethoven: 1770-1827
    • Classical Period ends/Romantic Begins: ~1825

    Enlightenment and Music

    • Enlightenment focus: Man, Society, not Religion
    • Music before Classical Period: Often tied to the church
    • Avoid: Multiple choice answers about music being controlled by religion.

    Sonata Form

    • Difference 18th vs 19th Century Sonata Form:
      • 18th Century: Rounded Binary or Balanced Binary Forms
      • 19th Century: Three-part form, which lengthened the development section and dropped repetitions in the second half.

    Genres and Styles

    • Amateur Genre: String quartets, Piano sonatas (though some were challenging).
    • Rounded Binary: A - A - B - A
    • Balanced Binary: A - B with material near the tonic and dominant from the other sections.
    • Galupi: Rounded Binary
    • Scarlatti: Balanced Binary

    Beethoven's Life and Music

    • Beethoven's Heiligenstadt Testament: Realization of deafness, suicidal thoughts, but continued composing due to a greater purpose.
    • Beethoven's Three Periods:
      • Early (up to 1802): String and piano composer. Example works: Piano Sonata No. 8 "Pathétique" (Op. 13), String Quartets (Op. 18).
      • Middle (1803-1814): Dramatic works. Examples: Symphony No. 3 "Eroica" (funeral march), Symphony No. 5 (fateful motive), Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale" (programmatic), Piano Concertos Nos. 4 & 5 (Emperor), String Quartets (Rasumovsky), Fidelio.
      • Late (1814-1827): Introspective, Fugues and Variations, more complex. Examples: Piano Sonatas (Nos. 28-32), String Quartets (especially Nos. 13-16), Symphony No. 9 (choral finale), Missa Solemnis (huge mass).

    Other Composers and Concepts:

    • CPE Bach: Known for the sensitive style. "London" Bach (due to his work there). Galant style.
    • Mozart's Patron: Esterhazy (Haydn)
    • Mozart's Tool: Piano
    • Clarinet: Woodwind, later 18th century.
    • Haydn's Later Works: London Symphonies
    • Minor Key and Mood: Storm and stress ("Sturm und Drang").
    • Opera Types (Spoken Dialogue): -Singspiel (German)
      • Opera-comique (French)
      • Ballad Opera (English)
    • Classical Period Beginning: 1730
    • Librettist: Person who writes the text for opera.
    • Mozart Opera Librettist: da Ponte
    • Early Singspiel: Hiller
    • Enlightenment Philosopher: Rousseau, wrote about opera/music too.
    • Haas: Opera seria, del segno, da capo arias
    • Galupi: Very famous composer from the time, rounded binary.
    • Pergolesi: Opera Buffa. Died young of tuberculosis.
    • Leopold Mozart: Mozart's father, worked for Salzburg.
    • Billings: Continental Harmony, early symphony writer, from 1700s America
    • John Gay: Ballad opera success in 1728.
    • Mozart and other composers: Assimilation of many styles.
    • Mozart's Key: Kerschel
    • Scarlatti: Harpsichord composer. 500+ one-movement sonatas, known for virtuosic style, father composer, tutor.
    • Beethoven's piano composer keys: Kirkpatrick
    • **Fidelio's Original Name: ** Leonore.
    • Opera seria: Serious major opera type.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on classical composers such as Handel, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, along with their significant historical timelines. Dive into the intricacies of sonata form variations from the 18th to the 19th century, and explore different genres and styles of classical music. This quiz will challenge your understanding of enlightenment influences on music and the evolution of compositional techniques.

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