Classic Waterfall Model Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the V Shaped model compared to the Waterfall model?

  • Incorporating iterative development
  • Focusing on maintenance tasks
  • Emphasizing on testing processes (correct)
  • Emphasizing on design documentation

    • What is the first phase of the Spiral model in the development process?

  • Development and verification
  • Risk assessment and resolution
  • Testing and validation
  • Identifying objectives, constraints, and alternatives (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes a characteristic of the Spiral model?

  • Emphasizes risk identification and resolution (correct)
  • Focuses primarily on the maintenance phase
  • Phases are completed strictly sequentially
  • Releases are all at once after full development

    • How does the Waterfall model treat the transitions between phases?

    <p>Each phase must be completed before the next begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the SRS stand for in the context of the Waterfall model?

    <p>Software Requirements Specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of requirements elicitation?

    <p>To collect requirements from users and stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity involves ensuring the requirements are consistent and meet stakeholder needs?

    <p>Requirements validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of good requirements?

    <p>Clear, simple, and unambiguous phrasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in requirements verification?

    <p>Checking that the designed software meets specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase are requirements often documented in a requirements specification document?

    <p>Requirements specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Concept of Operations (ConOps) document?

    <p>To describe user interactions and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the information contained in a ConOps document?

    <p>Equipment specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test methods can be proposed in a trace table?

    <p>Demonstration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)?

    <p>Tests performed to ensure the product meets initial requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of requirements, what does the term flow-down refer to?

    <p>Translating high-level requirements into more detailed specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym CSCI represent in the context of test events?

    <p>Computer Software Configuration Item</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a test level indicated in the trace table?

    <p>Component Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the ConOps document help establish for customers/users?

    <p>Consistency in user expectations over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms 'SW Functional Qualification Test' and 'Site Acceptance Test' refer to which aspect of system requirements?

    <p>Levels of testing for different environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the insight provided by a ConOps document to the engineering team?

    <p>Clarifications on why certain requirements exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key trait of a good requirement regarding its wording?

    <p>It must avoid subjective or open-ended terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement example demonstrates ambiguity?

    <p>All screens shall appear on the monitor quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of good requirements ensures that they do not lead to confusion?

    <p>They must be consistent and agree with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a clear requirement?

    <p>Should include detailed descriptions of its use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential attribute of complete requirements?

    <p>They include measurement units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the need for consistency among requirements?

    <p>All requirements should have uniform terminology and meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should requirements avoid containing definitions or reasons for their need?

    <p>To maintain the focus on action and clarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of having ambiguous requirements?

    <p>They may cause significant delays in project timelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CSCI acronym stand for?

    <p>Computer Software Configuration Item</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the CSU System Architecture contains Configuration Items?

    <p>C-level spec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is a Software Design Item in the CSU System Architecture?

    <p>TRN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a traceability matrix in system requirements?

    <p>To ensure alignment between system and design requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents upward traceability in requirements?

    <p>From component specifications to origin requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement best exemplifies a downward traceability feature?

    <p>Software operability is mandated by design specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Support Item (SI) in the CSU System?

    <p>To provide personnel training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is likely to fall under the 'Operations Support' category?

    <p>Logistical Management Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with traits of good requirements?

    <p>Ambiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'A-level spec' primarily focus on within the CSU System?

    <p>Overall system architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is NOT categorized as a Software Component?

    <p>UHF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the design of the CSU System primarily structured?

    <p>Using a hierarchical specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems aids in monitoring student progress?

    <p>Training Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Development Models

    • Classic Waterfall Model: Sequential phases including Requirements, Design, Code & Unit Test, Integration, Test, Deployment, and Maintenance; produces documents at each stage such as the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) and Software Architecture Document (SAD).

    • V-Shaped Model: Introduced by Paul Rook in the 1980s; emphasizes testing throughout each phase; requires completion of a phase before moving to the next; visual representation shows upward bending process steps.

    • Spiral Model: Developed by Barry Boehm in 1986; consists of four stages evaluated in a cyclic manner: Objectives identification, Risk evaluation and resolution, Product development, and Verification of the next product level.

    Requirement Engineering Activities

    • Requirements Inception: Gathering requirements through user and stakeholder engagement.
    • Requirements Identification: Recognizing and documenting new requirements.
    • Requirements Analysis and Negotiation: Reviewing requirements and resolving stakeholder differences.
    • Requirements Definition: Detailing both functional and non-functional requirements.
    • Requirements Specification: Creating a formal requirements document.
    • Requirements Validation: Ensuring that documented requirements align with stakeholder needs.
    • Requirements Verification: Confirming that the final product meets the specified requirements.
    • Requirements Management: Overseeing changes in requirements during development and after deployment.

    Traits of Good Requirements

    • Clarity and Simplicity: Requirements should be clear, concise, and comprehensible to non-technical stakeholders; ideally should be single-phrased with no more than 30-50 words.

    • Completeness: All necessary information must be included, leaving no ambiguity regarding system functions or measurement units.

    • Consistency: Requirements must not contradict one another; they should agree on specific details like compliance standards (e.g., TCP/IPv6).

    • Avoidance of Ambiguity: Requirements should not involve vague terms; each requirement must be precise and measurable to avoid multiple interpretations.

    Examples of Good vs. Bad Requirements

    • Good Requirement: "The system shall cease automatic steering upon receipt of a State Change Message indicating 'Off.'"
    • Bad Requirement: "All screens shall appear on the monitor quickly." (This is vague and non-specific about timing.)

    CSU System Architecture Layers

    • The CSU System comprises multiple layers: Computer, Communication, Mobile, and Facilities.
    • Under each layer, different types of design items are categorized, including Hardware Design Items and Software Design Items.
    • Configuration items are represented as DP, VPS, VTC, AVS, HWCIs (Hardware Configuration Items), CSCIs (Software Configuration Items), and SIs (Support Items).
    • Subsystems include components like CSU1, CSU2, LMS (Logistics Management System), TRN (Training Management System), and EDE.

    Traits of Good Requirements

    • Requirements must be traceable upward to the original specifications and downward to design, implementation, and testing.
    • Traceability matrices are essential in tracking relationships between child and parent requirements.
    • Each requirement should also detail its integrations and corresponding testing procedures, ensuring all components meet specified standards.

    Concept of Operations (ConOps) Document

    • The ConOps document outlines how customers or users plan to utilize the product without detailing how it operates or setting requirements.
    • It guides the engineering team by providing insights into user needs and expectations, establishing a clear rationale for the requirements.
    • ConOps ensures consistency in customer expectations over time.

    Trace Tables

    • Trace tables document each requirement alongside its parent requirement(s), outlining test procedures and proposed test methods.
    • Test methods include demonstration (D), analysis (A), testing (T), and inspection (I).
    • Test levels indicate the type of evaluation, such as Factory Acceptance Test (FAT), Software Functional Qualification Test (CSCI), and System Test.

    System Requirements Flowdown

    • A-level system requirements flow down to B-level subsystems and configuration items, helping maintain a clear hierarchical structure of requirements.
    • This flowdown ensures that every subsystem and configuration item aligns with overarching system goals and specifications.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the Classic Waterfall Model and its phases, including how the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) flows into the architecture discipline. This quiz covers the key products and work involved at each phase of the model.

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