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Questions and Answers
What does the class Reptilia include?
What does the class Reptilia include?
- Amphibians
- Mammals
- Turtles, tortoises, alligators, crocodiles, lizards, snakes (correct)
- Birds
The class has dry _____ __________ covering the skin.
The class has dry _____ __________ covering the skin.
horny scales
The limbs of amphibians are pentadactyl except in _________.
The limbs of amphibians are pentadactyl except in _________.
snakes
The young of reptiles resemble parents and undergo metamorphosis.
The young of reptiles resemble parents and undergo metamorphosis.
What were the most ancient reptiles?
What were the most ancient reptiles?
What were the earliest reptiles that led to mammals?
What were the earliest reptiles that led to mammals?
Class Reptilia, order Chelonia includes which basic organisms?
Class Reptilia, order Chelonia includes which basic organisms?
Terrestrial forms of the order Chelonia are called _________.
Terrestrial forms of the order Chelonia are called _________.
Semi-aquatic forms of the order Chelonia are called __________.
Semi-aquatic forms of the order Chelonia are called __________.
What is the name of the freshwater species of Chelonia that is edible?
What is the name of the freshwater species of Chelonia that is edible?
Class Reptilia, order Chelonia has a shell that completely ________ the body.
Class Reptilia, order Chelonia has a shell that completely ________ the body.
What is the dorsal shell of a reptile from the order Chelonia called?
What is the dorsal shell of a reptile from the order Chelonia called?
What is the ventral shell of a reptile from the order Chelonia called?
What is the ventral shell of a reptile from the order Chelonia called?
Which lizard squirts blood from its eyes as a deterrent?
Which lizard squirts blood from its eyes as a deterrent?
This reptile has an elongated tongue that it uses to pick up smells.
This reptile has an elongated tongue that it uses to pick up smells.
Lizards and snakes are representative of which class and order?
Lizards and snakes are representative of which class and order?
Lizards and snakes came from the same ancestral stock as this animal: ______________.
Lizards and snakes came from the same ancestral stock as this animal: ______________.
What is another name for the suborder Suria?
What is another name for the suborder Suria?
Class Reptilia, order Squamata, suborder Suri's largest species is known as the __________ _________.
Class Reptilia, order Squamata, suborder Suri's largest species is known as the __________ _________.
Class Reptilia, order Squamata, suborder Suri have 2 pairs of _______ limbs.
Class Reptilia, order Squamata, suborder Suri have 2 pairs of _______ limbs.
Class Reptilia, order Squamata, suborder Suria have the ability of certain lizards to change colors rapidly to blend into the background is called __________.
Class Reptilia, order Squamata, suborder Suria have the ability of certain lizards to change colors rapidly to blend into the background is called __________.
____ are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells.
____ are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells.
How many bacteria exist in the Komodo dragon saliva?
How many bacteria exist in the Komodo dragon saliva?
How many types of bacteria are known to be deadly in the Komodo dragon's saliva?
How many types of bacteria are known to be deadly in the Komodo dragon's saliva?
______ mph is the top running speed of the Komodo dragon.
______ mph is the top running speed of the Komodo dragon.
Class Reptilia suborder: Serpentes is also known as this name.
Class Reptilia suborder: Serpentes is also known as this name.
Suborder Serpente (Ophidia) do not have limbs but the _____ and _____ retain skeletal vestiges.
Suborder Serpente (Ophidia) do not have limbs but the _____ and _____ retain skeletal vestiges.
Suborder Serpente of the class Reptilia do not have limbs but retain vestiges of the _______ girdles.
Suborder Serpente of the class Reptilia do not have limbs but retain vestiges of the _______ girdles.
Locomotion of the suborder Serpentes is _________ muscular undulations and also movement of the __________ scales.
Locomotion of the suborder Serpentes is _________ muscular undulations and also movement of the __________ scales.
Suborder Serpentes do not have external ear pits, and __________ __________.
Suborder Serpentes do not have external ear pits, and __________ __________.
_______ ___________ attach the ______ bones to each other and to the cranium to allow a snake to open its mouth.
_______ ___________ attach the ______ bones to each other and to the cranium to allow a snake to open its mouth.
What two groups of poisonous snakes exist?
What two groups of poisonous snakes exist?
Presence of pit-like depression between the eye and the nostril is known as a ___________.
Presence of pit-like depression between the eye and the nostril is known as a ___________.
The pit of a pit viper is located between the _____ and the ______.
The pit of a pit viper is located between the _____ and the ______.
Examples of pit vipers include?
Examples of pit vipers include?
What type of venom attacks the nervous system and can cause paralysis?
What type of venom attacks the nervous system and can cause paralysis?
What type of venom damages tissue causing necrosis?
What type of venom damages tissue causing necrosis?
What type of venom damages blood vessels?
What type of venom damages blood vessels?
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Study Notes
Class Reptilia Overview
- Encompasses turtles, tortoises, alligators, crocodiles, lizards, snakes, and tuataras.
- Notable for having dry horny scales that protect their skin.
Reptile Characteristics
- Limbs of amphibians are typically pentadactyl, except in snakes.
- Young reptiles closely resemble adult forms without undergoing metamorphosis.
Early Reptiles
- Cotylosaurs are recognized as some of the most ancient reptiles.
- Pelycosaurs are the earliest reptiles that eventually led to mammals, indicated by skull evolution.
Order Chelonia
- Includes tortoises and turtles, classified under the order Chelonia.
- Terrestrial forms are known as tortoises, while semi-aquatic versions are called turtles.
- Terrapins refer to edible freshwater species within this order.
- Members of Chelonia are encased in a shell that completely surrounds their bodies.
Shell Anatomy
- The dorsal shell is referred to as the carapace.
- The ventral shell is known as the plastron.
Unique Reptile Features
- Regal horned lizard can squirt blood from its eyes as a defense mechanism.
- Gila monster has an affording tongue for picking up scents.
- Lizards and snakes are representative of the class Reptilia and order Squamata.
Ancestral Lineage
- Sphenodon is a relative from which lizards and snakes descended.
- Lacertilla is an alternate name for the suborder Sauria within the order Squamata.
- Komodo dragon is the largest species in the suborder Sauria.
Limb Structures and Movement
- Squamata features two pairs of pentadactyl limbs.
- Certain lizards have the ability to change color rapidly through metachrosis, utilizing chromatophores, which are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells.
Komodo Dragon Facts
- Saliva contains 50 types of bacteria, with four of these known to be fatal, causing sepsis in prey.
- Can run at a top speed of 12 mph.
Suborder Serpentes (Ophidia)
- Characterized by the absence of limbs, although pythons and boas retain vestigial skeletal structures.
- Retain vestiges of girdles, using sideward muscular undulations for locomotion alongside transverse scale movement.
- Lacks external ear pits and tympanic membranes.
Snake Structure
- Loose ligaments connect jaw bones, allowing for wide mouth opening.
- Groups of poisonous snakes include vipers and cobras.
Pit Vipers
- Defined by a unique pit-like depression located between the eye and nostril.
- Examples include rattlesnakes and copperheads.
Venom Types
- Neurotoxic venom attacks the nervous system, potentially causing paralysis and suffocation.
- Cytotoxic venom damages tissue causing necrosis, leading to death via blood loss.
- Hemotoxic venom damages blood vessels, leading to serious health risks.
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