Class D Airspace Overview

Class D Airspace Overview

• Class D airspace is typically found around smaller, less busy towered airports that often lack approach radar services.

Configuration

• Defined by a circular area, extending 4 nautical miles (NM) from the airport center.
• May include extensions for instrument approach and departure paths.

Altitudes

• Class D airspace ranges from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation.

Entry Requirements

• Establish two-way communications with Air Traffic Control (ATC) is mandatory; ATC must acknowledge with the pilot's callsign.

Communication Protocol

• Pilots must maintain continuous, two-way communication with ATC while inside Class D airspace.

Equipment Necessities

• A two-way radio is required for pilots operating within Class D airspace.

Pilot Certification

• Student pilots are permitted to operate in Class D airspace.

Traffic Separation

• ATC provides traffic separation services for IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) flights within Class D airspace.

Speed Limit

• A speed limit of 200 knots applies when flying at or below 2,500 feet AGL (Above Ground Level) within 4 NM of the primary airport.

VFR Sectional Chart Representation

• Class D airspace is depicted by dashed blue lines on VFR sectional charts, with a blue number in a dashed box indicating the MSL (Mean Sea Level) ceiling altitude (last two zeros are omitted).

VFR Weather Minimums

• Basic VFR weather minimums for Class D require 3 statute miles visibility and cloud clearances of 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds.

Nighttime Operations

• If the control tower closes at night, Class D airspace transitions to Class E (if continuous weather reporting is available) or Class G (if not). Consult the Airport/Facility Directory for specifics.

TRSA Definition

• Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA) offers optional radar approach control services at select Class D airports.