Class 9: Quantitative Research Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is a major limitation of unstructured surveys?

  • The answers are difficult to quantify, compare, and analyze statistically (correct)
  • They are not effective in collecting large amounts of data
  • They are time-consuming and expensive to administer
  • They are prone to researcher bias

    • What is the primary goal of quantitative research in positivist tradition?

  • To develop a comprehensive theory of social behavior
  • To understand the internal motives and meanings of individuals
  • To identify patterns and relationships in external observable factors (correct)
  • To collect data through qualitative methods

    • According to Durkheim's social integration theory, what is the expected outcome when social integration decreases?

  • Decrease in social problems and decrease in suicide rates
  • Increase in social problems and increase in suicide rates (correct)
  • Increase in social problems and decrease in suicide rates
  • Decrease in social problems and increase in suicide rates

    • What is the indicator used by Durkheim to measure 'social problem' in his study on suicide?

    <p>Suicide rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key finding of Durkheim's study on suicide regarding the relationship between religious denomination and suicide rates?

    <p>Protestants have higher suicide rates than Catholics, and Jews have the lowest suicide rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying assumption of quantitative positivist research, as exemplified in Durkheim's study on suicide?

    <p>Social phenomena can be studied through externally observable factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of a sample in quantitative research methods?

    <p>Representing a microcosm of the entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Positivism?

    <p>Quantitative methods to study social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding of the Stanley Milgram experiment?

    <p>People are more likely to obey authority figures even if it conflicts with their morals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that suggests human behavior is situational and people will conform to roles if conditions require?

    <p>Situational Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a social experiment in quantitative research methods?

    <p>To observe and analyze human behavior in controlled environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the hypothetical-deductive model of theory-building?

    <p>To establish 'laws' of behaviour based on predictable and reliable theories about causal relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research method is used to study social behavior and is characterized by the use of quantitative data?

    <p>Positivist research method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Durkheim's study on suicide, how are social phenomena treated?

    <p>As external 'social facts' that can be studied objectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of quantification in quantitative positivist research?

    <p>To use observable, measurable concepts to study social phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of quantitative positivist research?

    <p>To ensure that studies are replicable and falsifiable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the editors of the book 'A Contemporary Introduction to Sociology. Culture and Society in Transition.'?

    <p>Jeffrey C. Alexander, Kenneth Thompson, Laura Desfor Edles, and Moshoula Capous-Desyllas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the study conducted by Durkheim that is mentioned in the text?

    <p>A Study on Suicide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a social experiment, the sample is expected to be a perfect representation of the entire population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Stanley Milgram experiment demonstrated that people will always obey authority figures without questioning their morals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative research methods are used to study social behavior and are characterized by the use of qualitative data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a social experiment, the goal is to create a bias in the research to influence the outcome.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary goal of quantitative research in positivist tradition is to understand social behavior through qualitative data analysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sample in quantitative research methods is typically selected based on convenience rather than representation of the population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In positivist research, quantitative data analysis is used to identify causal relationships between variables.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unstructured surveys are more prone to researcher bias due to the lack of standardized questions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Durkheim's study on suicide used a random sample of countries to test his hypotheses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative research methods are typically used to study population demographics and trends.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quantitative research, pilot interviews are used to refine the research questions and hypotheses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positivist research assumes that social phenomena can be studied objectively, without researcher influence.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a study, holding some variables constant in order to study the effects of change in one variable is an example of an experiment in a natural setting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hawthorne effect occurs when human subjects in an experiment change their behaviour because they are unaware of being studied.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Stanford Prison experiment is an example of a study conducted in a natural setting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quantitative positivist research, researchers attempt to manipulate variables to observe their effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of an experiment in quantitative research is to study the effects of a single variable on a situation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative positivist research is focused on the study of individual behaviour.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a representative sample in quantitative research methods?

    <p>To ensure that the findings are generalizable to the whole population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using an unstructured survey in quantitative research?

    <p>It is prone to researcher bias due to the lack of standardized questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of quantification in quantitative positivist research?

    <p>To identify causal relationships between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a pilot interview in quantitative research?

    <p>To refine the research questions and hypotheses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a sample in quantitative research methods?

    <p>It accurately reflects the various attributes of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using a sample in quantitative research methods?

    <p>It may not be a perfect representation of the entire population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using unstructured surveys in research?

    <p>They allow respondents to speak for themselves and provide real opinions and attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Durkheim's study on suicide, what type of data analysis was used to identify patterns and relationships between variables?

    <p>Quantitative data analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of quantitative research in positivist tradition?

    <p>To identify causal relationships between variables through objective observation and measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using large datasets in quantitative research, as demonstrated in Durkheim's study on suicide?

    <p>It allows for the identification of patterns and trends across different populations and territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of using structured surveys in research?

    <p>They are more the product of the researcher's mind rather than the respondent's thoughts and opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in quantitative research regarding the sample selection?

    <p>Representativeness of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using an experiment in a laboratory-like setting, as described in the positivist approach?

    <p>Allowing the researcher to control the situation and hold some variables constant in order to study the effects of change in one variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hawthorne effect, and how does it impact social experiment research?

    <p>The Hawthorne effect is a phenomenon where human subjects in an experiment change their behavior simply because they know they are being studied, regardless of the actual variables being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using quantitative research methods in the positivist tradition?

    <p>To study and understand social behavior through the analysis of quantitative data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using social experiments in quantitative research?

    <p>The artificial setting may not accurately reflect real-world situations, and the results may not be generalizable to the broader population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Stanford Prison experiment illustrate the power of roles in a contrived situation?

    <p>The experiment showed how participants quickly adapted to their assigned roles as guards or prisoners, demonstrating the significant influence of roles on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding researcher bias in quantitative research methods?

    <p>That the researcher's influence may impact the results, leading to inaccurate or incomplete findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research method does Jerry Jacobs's study on 'The Use of Religion in Constructing the Moral Justification of Suicide' exemplify?

    <p>Qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of participant observation in field research?

    <p>To gain a deeper understanding of the research context through immersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of Ned Polsky's study of poolroom hustlers?

    <p>It involves direct observation and informal talks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of William F. Whyte's study 'Street Corner Society'?

    <p>To understand the behavior of Italian American street gangs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using qualitative research methods?

    <p>They allow for the collection of in-depth, contextual data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Jerry Jacobs's study on suicide and religion?

    <p>To understand the moral justification of suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of qualitative positivist research, as implied in Jacobs’s study on religion and suicide?

    <p>To find out why certain actions are being performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a qualitative positivist approach, as seen in Durkheim's study on suicide?

    <p>It focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of typification in qualitative positivist research, as seen in Jacobs’s study on religion and suicide?

    <p>To reconstruct typical processes of reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying assumption of qualitative positivist research, as seen in Durkheim's study on suicide?

    <p>Human behavior is influenced by social norms and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using in-depth interviews in qualitative positivist research?

    <p>They provide a more nuanced understanding of human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of qualitative research methods in understanding human behavior?

    <p>They provide an in-depth understanding of individual experiences and meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key assumption of positivist research, as described in the text?

    <p>Truth claims are based on empirical observation and value neutrality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using qualitative research methods in understanding social phenomena?

    <p>To understand individual experiences and cultural meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of positivist research, as described in the text?

    <p>The researcher claims an 'outsider position' to the studied reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods?

    <p>Quantitative research uses large datasets, while qualitative research uses in-depth interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using semi-structured interviews in research?

    <p>They provide a flexible framework for exploring respondent experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

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