Class 10: Positivism and Qualitative Research Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the key characteristic of 'explanation by understanding' in sociological research?

  • Social integration is objective and visible
  • Human beings respond mechanically to external, objective, scientific laws
  • Human beings follow rules in deciding on and carrying out their actions (correct)
  • Social life is unpredictable and irregular

    • What is the purpose of 'typification' in qualitative research?

  • To reconstruct individual processes of reasoning
  • To develop general explanations for individual cases
  • To eliminate purposes and motives from explanations
  • To propose general explanations for social phenomena (correct)

    • What do sociological theories lack in comparison to natural sciences?

  • Generalizability and reliability
  • Qualitative and quantitative methods
  • Subjectivity and ambiguity
  • Objectivity and precision (correct)

    • What is the key difference between Durkheim's and Jacobs' explanations of suicide?

    <p>Durkheim's explanation was free of purposes and motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of qualitative positivist research?

    <p>To understand human behavior through shared beliefs and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying assumption of 'explanation by understanding' in sociological research?

    <p>Order and regularity in social life stem from shared beliefs and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Jerry Jacobs's study on suicide and religion?

    <p>To reconstruct the typical processes of reasoning that make it possible to put forward general explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the research method used by Ned Polsky in his study of poolroom hustlers?

    <p>Participant observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using participant observation in research?

    <p>Ability to study sensitive or hard-to-reach populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of William F. Whyte's study of an Italian American street gang?

    <p>To analyze the gang's behavior and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using ethnographic research methods like participant observation?

    <p>Difficulty in generalizing findings to other populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Jerry Jacobs's study on suicide and religion?

    <p>Analyzing the role of religion in constructing moral justifications for suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ethnography in social research?

    <p>To develop an in-depth understanding of people's cultures and societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of participant observation in qualitative research?

    <p>It provides a more nuanced understanding of social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of ethnographic research?

    <p>It is difficult to replicate and verify</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between non-participant observation and participant observation?

    <p>Participant observation involves the researcher in the activities being observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'thick description' in ethnographic research?

    <p>A detailed and nuanced understanding of social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential problem with generalizability in ethnographic research?

    <p>It is difficult to generalize findings to other contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Clifford Geertz's work?

    <p>Understanding culture as dynamic and symbolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'anthropos' in anthropology?

    <p>It means 'human being' in Greek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of ethnographic research?

    <p>It provides a nuanced understanding of social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between positivism and interpretivism in social research?

    <p>Positivism aims to establish universal truth claims, while interpretivism aims to understand social meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qualitative positivist research, the researcher's consciousness and experience are considered a crucial aspect of the research process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participatory ontology is a characteristic of qualitative positivist research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generalizability is a major concern in ethnographic research.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thick description is a method used in quantitative research to collect data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anthropology is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the study of humans and cultures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participant observation is a research method that involves only observing people's behaviors without interacting with them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ethnographic research, the researcher is not involved in the activities of those being observed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-participant observation is a method where the researcher is involved in the activities of those being observed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnography is a research method that involves immersing oneself in a natural setting to develop an understanding of the people, culture, and society being studied.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participant observation raises important issues regarding consent and research ethics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnography is a research method that involves observing people in a laboratory setting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'anthropos' in anthropology refers to the study of animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generalizability is not a concern in ethnographic research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnography is a research method that provides 'thick descriptions' about implicit rules and traditions that shape a culture and motivate the actions of its members.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clifford Geertz's work focuses on the importance of quantitative data in social research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnography is a research method that is quick and easy to conduct.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ethnographic research, the researcher's presence does not affect the behavior of those being observed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ethnographic research, 'thick description' refers to a detailed and nuanced understanding of cultural practices and beliefs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participant observation is a research method that involves observing people without participating in their activities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generalizability is a major strength of ethnographic research methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anthropos is the Greek word for 'study of human beings'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qualitative research, reliability refers to the consistency of results across different researchers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnography is a research methodology that focuses on quantitative data collection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of participant observation in ethnographic research?

    <p>To gain a deeper understanding of the culture and behaviors of the group being studied by immersing oneself in their daily lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Jerry Jacobs's study on suicide and religion in the context of ethnographic research?

    <p>It demonstrates the use of qualitative data collection and analysis to understand the moral justification of suicide in different religious contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of ethnographic research in terms of generalizability?

    <p>The findings may not be applicable to other contexts or populations due to the specific and in-depth nature of the research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of research reliability in ethnographic research?

    <p>It ensures that the findings are consistent and can be replicated by other researchers, increasing the validity of the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of anthropology as a field of study?

    <p>The study of human beings, cultures, and societies, with a focus on understanding human behavior, culture, and social structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between participant observation and non-participant observation?

    <p>Participant observation involves the researcher actively participating in the activities of the group being studied, while non-participant observation involves only observing from the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of ethnographic research in social science, and how does it differ from other research methods?

    <p>The primary advantage of ethnographic research is its ability to provide a detailed and nuanced understanding of cultural practices and beliefs. This is achieved through immersion in a natural setting, which enables researchers to gather rich and contextualized data. This approach differs from other methods, such as surveys or experiments, which often rely on quantitative data and may lack depth and context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of participant observation in qualitative research, and how does it contribute to a deeper understanding of social phenomena?

    <p>Participant observation is a research method that involves actively participating in the activities of the group being studied, while observing and recording the behaviors and interactions of the participants. This approach allows researchers to gain a deeper understanding of social phenomena by experiencing the culture and practices firsthand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of generalizability in ethnographic research, and how does it impact the validity of the research findings?

    <p>The limitation of generalizability in ethnographic research refers to the difficulty of applying the research findings to other contexts or populations. This is because ethnographic research is often conducted in a specific cultural or social setting, and the findings may not be applicable to other contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of reliability relate to qualitative research, and what are the implications for research validity?

    <p>Reliability in qualitative research refers to the consistency of results across different researchers. This is important because it affects the validity of the research findings. If the results are not reliable, it can impact the trustworthiness of the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of anthropology in social science, and how does it contribute to our understanding of human societies and cultures?

    <p>Anthropology is the study of humans and cultures, and it contributes to our understanding of human societies and cultures by providing a nuanced and contextualized understanding of cultural practices and beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'thick description' relate to ethnographic research, and what insights does it provide into cultural practices and beliefs?

    <p>Thick description is a method used in ethnographic research to provide a detailed and nuanced understanding of cultural practices and beliefs. It involves describing the implicit rules and traditions that shape a culture and motivate the actions of its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ethnography in social research?

    <p>to develop an understanding of the people, culture, and society being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of participant observation in qualitative research?

    <p>it provides a detailed and nuanced understanding of cultural practices and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern in ethnographic research?

    <p>generalizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential problem with reliability in ethnographic research?

    <p>it raises the question of the quality of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'anthropos' in anthropology?

    <p>it refers to the study of human beings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between participant observation and non-participant observation?

    <p>participant observation involves participating in the activities of those being observed, while non-participant observation does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'thick description' in ethnographic research?

    <p>a detailed and nuanced understanding of cultural practices and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of ethnographic research?

    <p>it provides a sensitive understanding of context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of ethnographic research?

    <p>it can be laborious and time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of ethnographic research?

    <p>understanding the people, culture, and society being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

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