Class 8: Reproduction in Plants

Study Notes

Sexual Reproduction: Involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce seeds.
Asexual Reproduction: Involves the production of new plants from vegetative parts of the parent plant.

Flowers: The reproductive organs of plants.
Parts of a Flower:
- Stamen: Male reproductive organ, produces pollen.
- Carpel: Female reproductive organ, contains ovules.
- Pistil: The stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary.
- Stigma: Receives pollen during pollination.
- Ovary: Contains ovules where fertilization takes place.
Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
Fertilization: The fusion of male and female gametes to produce a zygote.
Seed Formation: The zygote develops into a seed, which contains the embryo of a new plant.

Vegetative Propagation: New plants are produced from vegetative parts of the parent plant.
Methods of Vegetative Propagation:
- Leaf Vegetation: New plants are produced from leaves (e.g., Bryophyllum).
- Stem Vegetation: New plants are produced from stems (e.g., Potato).
- Root Vegetation: New plants are produced from roots (e.g., Sweet Potato).

Survival of Species: Ensures the continuation of a plant species.
Production of New Varieties: Allows for the creation of new plant varieties with desirable traits.
Food Production: Enables the production of fruits, seeds, and other edible parts of plants.

Sexual Reproduction: Fusion of male and female gametes to produce seeds, involves pollination and fertilization.
Asexual Reproduction: Production of new plants from vegetative parts of the parent plant, includes vegetative propagation.

Flowers: Reproductive organs of plants, contain male and female reproductive organs.
Stamen: Male reproductive organ, produces pollen.
Carpel: Female reproductive organ, contains ovules.
Pistil: Connects stigma to ovary.
Stigma: Receives pollen during pollination.
Ovary: Contains ovules where fertilization takes place.
Pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes to produce a zygote.
Seed Formation: Zygote develops into a seed, containing the embryo of a new plant.

Vegetative Propagation: New plants produced from vegetative parts of the parent plant.
Leaf Vegetation: New plants produced from leaves (e.g., Bryophyllum).
Stem Vegetation: New plants produced from stems (e.g., Potato).
Root Vegetation: New plants produced from roots (e.g., Sweet Potato).

Survival of Species: Ensures continuation of a plant species.
Production of New Varieties: Allows creation of new plant varieties with desirable traits.
Food Production: Enables production of fruits, seeds, and other edible parts of plants.