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Questions and Answers
What age was Gandhiji when he returned to India after leading non-violent marches in South Africa?
When was the Indian National Congress established?
Who were some early important leaders of the Indian National Congress?
What was the Swadeshi Movement a response to?
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Who questioned the political methods and approach of the moderates in the Indian National Congress since the 1890s?
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What did the Swadeshi Movement encourage?
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Why did the All India Muslim League support the partition of Bengal?
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What led to the split in the Indian National Congress in 1907?
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What was the main demand of the moderates in the Indian National Congress?
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What historic agreement was signed in 1916 between the Congress and the All India Muslim League?
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What caused Gandhiji to abruptly call off the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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What did the Rowlatt Act enable the Britishers to do in India?
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Study Notes
Gandhiji's Return to India
- Gandhiji returned to India after leading non-violent marches in South Africa, at the age of 46.
Indian National Congress
- Established in 1885.
- Early important leaders: Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Feroze Shah Mehta.
Swadeshi Movement
- A response to the partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon in 1905.
- Encouraged the use of Indian-made goods and boycott of British goods.
Challenges to the Moderates
- Leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak questioned the political methods and approach of the moderates in the Indian National Congress since the 1890s.
All India Muslim League
- Supported the partition of Bengal in 1905, hoping to gain a separate province with a Muslim majority.
Split in the Indian National Congress
- Occurred in 1907, at the Surat Session, due to disagreements between the moderates and the extremists.
Demands of the Moderates
- Main demand: greater representation in the government and eventual self-governance.
Lucknow Pact
- Historic agreement signed in 1916 between the Congress and the All India Muslim League.
- Aimed to present a united front against the British government.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- Gandhiji abruptly called off the movement in 1922, following the Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters attacked and burned a police station.
Rowlatt Act
- Enacted in 1919, enabling the Britishers to arrest and imprison Indians without trial, and censor the press.
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Get ready for a quick revision on Chapter 11 of Class 8 History - The Making of the National Movement. Access free CBSE notes and NCERT solutions in PDF format for easy studying.
