Class 12th Chemistry CBSE Exam Topics

Important Topics for Class 12th Chemistry CBSE Board Exam

• Solid State:

  • Understand different types of solids (crystalline and amorphous) and their structures
  • Know packing efficiency in different crystal systems (e.g., cubic)
  • Learn about defects in solids and their impact on properties
  • Define and calculate characteristics of unit cells, lattice points, and coordination number
  • Study the relationship between structure and properties of solids

• Solutions:

  • Focus on various aspects of solutions, including concentration units (molarity, molality, mole fraction)
  • Understand factors affecting solubility
  • Study colligative properties (relating to the number of solute particles) and their applications (e.g., freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure)

• Electrochemistry:

  • Master concepts of redox reactions, electrochemical cells (galvanic and electrolytic)
  • Understand EMF calculations and the Nernst equation
  • Understand applications of electrochemical cells, like batteries and corrosion
  • Pay close attention to EMF calculation aspects

• Chemical Kinetics:

  • Study the rate of chemical reactions, rate laws, order and molecularity of reactions
  • Understand factors influencing reaction rates (temperature, catalyst, concentration)
  • Learn integrated rate equations
  • Understand the concept of half-life of a reaction

• Surface Chemistry:

  • Understand adsorption, factors affecting adsorption, methods of adsorption, and applications of adsorption
  • Know the differences between physisorption and chemisorption
  • Focus on catalysis and its importance in industrial processes

• General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements:

  • Study different methods of metal extraction (e.g., metallurgy) based on the reactivity series
  • Understand electrolytic methods, refining processes, and the concept of Ellingham diagrams

• p-Block Elements:

  • Focus on general characteristics, trends, and properties of important p-block element compounds
  • Be prepared for practical applications involving p-block element properties
  • Consider the anomalous behavior of elements

• d and f Block Elements:

  • Understand general characteristics of transition elements, redox properties of relevant ions, and important d-block element compounds
  • Be familiar with the chemistry of inner transition elements (lanthanides and actinides)
  • Focus on preparation, properties, and uses of key compounds related to d and f block elements (e.g., coordination complexes)
  • Grasp concepts related to metal complexes and coordination compounds

• Coordination Compounds:

  • Focus on basic principles, nomenclature, isomerism, and applications of coordination compounds
  • Be versed in different types of isomerism

• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes:

  • Review important reactions (nucleophilic substitution reactions) and properties of haloalkanes and haloarenes

• Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers:

  • Focus on properties, reactions, and distinctions between alcohols, phenols, and ethers
  • Be familiar with essential reactions between these organic compounds

• Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids:

  • Study important reactions (nucleophilic addition reactions), chemical properties and reactions of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids

• Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen:

  • Review properties and reactions of amines, amides, nitro compounds, and diazonium salts
  • Understand nucleophilic substitution reactions

• Biomolecules:

  • Understand structure, properties, and biological significance of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

• Polymers:

  • Know different types of polymers, their synthesis, properties, and applications

• Chemistry in Everyday Life:

  • Focus on applications of chemistry in medicine, agriculture, and industries
  • Be prepared to explain the utility of various chemical products in everyday life