Class 12 Physics: Electrostatics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between electric charge and Coulomb's Law?

  • Electric charge is quantized, and Coulomb's Law quantifies the force between stationary charged particles. (correct)
  • Electric charge is a vector quantity, and Coulomb's Law describes the magnetic force between charges.
  • Electric charges are continuously distributed and Coulomb's Law applies only to moving charges.
  • Electric charges can only be negative, and Coulomb's Law describes the gravitational force between them.

Two point charges, +q and +4q, are separated by a distance r. What can be said about the force on each charge?

  • The force on both charges is equal in magnitude and attractive in nature.
  • The force on +4q is four times greater than the force on +q.
  • The force on both charges is equal in magnitude and repulsive in nature. (correct)
  • The force on +q is four times greater than the force on +4q.

If the distance between two point charges is doubled, how does the electrostatic force between them change?

  • It becomes two times larger.
  • It becomes four times larger.
  • It becomes four times smaller. (correct)
  • It becomes two times smaller.

What is the primary focus of the branch of physics known as electrostatics?

<p>The study of electric charges at rest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values represents the approximate magnitude of the elementary charge 'e'?

<p>$1.602 \times 10^{-19}$ C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance $C_0$ with air as the dielectric. If a dielectric material of constant $K$ is inserted to fill half the space between the plates, what is the new capacitance?

<p>$C_0(1 + K)/2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wire of resistance $R$ is stretched to double its original length. Assuming that the density and resistivity of the material remain unchanged, what will be the new resistance of the wire?

<p>$4R$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Wheatstone bridge, three resistors are connected in a loop configuration. At what state there will be balanced condition?

<p>When the ratio of resistances in one arm equals the ratio of resistances in the adjacent arm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the resistivity of semiconductors and metals?

<p>Resistivity increases for metals and decreases for semiconductors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A proton enters a uniform magnetic field at right angles to the field. What is the nature of the subsequent path of the proton?

<p>Circular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by using which of the following methods?

<p>Connecting a high resistance in series with the galvanometer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Kirchhoff's Laws, which of the following statements is correct for a simple closed-loop circuit containing multiple resistors and voltage sources?

<p>The algebraic sum of the potential differences must be zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two parallel wires carry currents in opposite directions. What is the nature of the force between them?

<p>Repulsive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A magnetic dipole is placed in a uniform magnetic field. In which orientation will the potential energy of the dipole be maximum?

<p>Antiparallel to the magnetic field. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when the area of the plates is doubled and the distance between the plates is halved?

<p>The capacitance becomes four times larger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conducting rod is moving through a uniform magnetic field. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the magnitude of the motional EMF induced in the rod?

<p>The electrical conductivity of the rod. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an LCR series circuit connected to an AC source, the voltage across the inductor is $V_L$, the voltage across the capacitor is $V_C$, and the voltage across the resistor is $V_R$. If $V_L = 40V$, $V_C = 70V$, and $V_R = 40V$, what is the effective voltage of the AC source?

<p>50V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding the displacement current introduced by Maxwell?

<p>It arises from a time-varying electric field. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When light travels from air into water, which of the following properties of light remains unchanged?

<p>Frequency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A beam of light is incident on a glass-air interface. Which condition is necessary for total internal reflection to occur?

<p>The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Huygens' principle, how does a wavefront propagate through a medium?

<p>Each point on the wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Young's double-slit experiment, what change would cause the fringe width to increase?

<p>Decreasing the distance between the slits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on the kinetic energy of photoelectrons if the intensity of incident light on a metal surface is doubled, while the frequency remains above the threshold frequency?

<p>The kinetic energy will remain the same. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electron and a proton have the same de Broglie wavelength. Which of the following is true about their momenta?

<p>Both have the same momentum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, what quantity is quantized?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the binding energy per nucleon as the mass number increases beyond approximately A=60?

<p>It decreases gradually. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the half-life of a radioactive substance is 30 years, approximately what percentage of the original sample will remain after 90 years?

<p>12.5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic semiconductor?

<p>An extrinsic semiconductor is doped with impurities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a common emitter transistor amplifier, what is the phase difference between the input signal and the output signal?

<p>180 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electromagnetic wave propagation is MOST suitable for long-distance communication that follows the curvature of the Earth?

<p>Ground wave propagation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is Physics?

The branch of science focused on nature and natural phenomena.

What is Electrostatics?

The study of electric charges at rest.

What is Electric Charge?

A fundamental property of matter existing in discrete packets.

What is Elementary Charge (e)?

The smallest unit of electric charge, approximately 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.

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What is Coulomb's Law?

The force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Electric Field

Region around a charge where electric force is felt.

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Electric Potential

Work needed to move a +1 charge from infinity to a point.

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Gauss's Law

Total electric flux through a closed surface relates to enclosed charge.

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Capacitance

Ability to store electric charge.

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Electric Current

Rate of flow of electric charge.

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Ohm's Law

V = IR: Voltage equals current times resistance.

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Resistance

Opposition to current flow.

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Electric Power

Rate of electrical energy use. P = VI

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Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

Current entering a junction equals current leaving.

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Magnetic Field

Region around magnet/current with magnetic force.

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Magnetic Declination

The angle between magnetic north and true north.

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Magnetic Inclination

The angle between the magnetic field lines and the horizontal plane.

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Diamagnetic Materials

Materials that weakly repel magnetic fields.

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Paramagnetic Materials

Materials that weakly attract magnetic fields.

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Ferromagnetic Materials

Materials that strongly attract magnetic fields.

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Electromagnetic Induction

Inducing an EMF in a conductor when the magnetic field changes.

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Faraday's Law

The induced EMF equals the negative rate of change of magnetic flux.

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Lenz's Law

Induced EMF opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it.

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Displacement Current

Current due to a time-varying electric field

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Reflection of Light

Light bouncing back from a surface.

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Refraction of Light

Light bending as it passes between different media.

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Total Internal Reflection

Light completely reflected inside a denser medium.

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Dual Nature of Radiation

Light exhibits both wave and particle nature.

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Photoelectric Effect

Emission of electrons from a metal surface by light.

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Matter Waves

Particles exhibit wave-like properties.

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Study Notes

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