Class 10 Science: Chemistry Concepts (2025)

<p>Diamond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 to 14 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggested the atom is mostly empty space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High frequency corresponds to high pitch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force, mass, and acceleration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force experienced by objects within it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The flow of electric charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms with different numbers of neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loudness is determined by amplitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color of the medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current passes through each component in sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where new substances are formed from existing ones, usually involving changes in color, temperature, state, or gas evolution.

Types of reactions include combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, redox, neutralization, and precipitation. Each has specific conditions, reactants, and products.

Acids have a sour taste, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH less than 7. Examples include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.

Bases have a bitter taste, are soapy to touch, turn red litmus paper blue, and have a pH greater than 7. Examples include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

Salts are formed by the reaction between an acid and a base. It involves neutralization.

Usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Examples include iron, copper, and aluminum.

Often brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and not ductile. Examples include sulfur, carbon, and chlorine.

Different forms of carbon, like diamond, graphite, and fullerenes, have unique properties.

The periodic table is organized based on atomic number, with elements having similar chemical properties arranged in columns called groups and rows called periods.

Atomic size generally decreases across a period from left to right and increases down a group. Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group. Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table, elements in the same group share similar chemical properties. Periods are horizontal rows, elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

The Rutherford model describes the atom as a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. It was developed based on the gold foil experiment.

Bohr's model proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels. Electrons can jump between levels by absorbing or emitting energy.

The quantum mechanical model treats electrons as waves and uses probability to describe the location of electrons in orbitals. Orbitals are regions of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.

Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from one object or substance to another. Conduction occurs through direct contact, convection involves the movement of fluids, and radiation involves electromagnetic waves.

Thermal expansion is the change in size or volume of a material due to changes in temperature. Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled.

Newton's First Law states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force. Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Uniform circular motion is a type of motion where an object moves in a circular path at a constant speed. The direction of the object's velocity is constantly changing.

Projectile motion is the motion of an object that is launched into the air and follows a curved path due to gravity. The object moves in two dimensions, horizontal and vertical.

Static electricity is the buildup of electric charges on a surface, usually caused by rubbing materials together. It can result in sparks or shocks.

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is the movement of electrons in a circuit.

A circuit is a closed loop that allows electric current to flow. Simple circuits can be made with components like batteries, wires, and light bulbs.

A series circuit has only one path for current to flow, components are connected in a line. A parallel circuit has multiple paths for current to flow, components are connected side by side.

Magnets are objects that create a magnetic field around them. Magnetic fields can attract or repel other magnets or magnetic materials.

Electromagnetism is the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Electric currents can create magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields can induce electric currents.