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Study Notes

CKA Linux Foundation Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized application.
It consists of various components that work together to orchestrate containerized workloads.
Key components include:
- Pods: Basic building blocks of Kubernetes, grouping one or more containers.
- Deployments: Define how to run and manage pods.
- Services: Define how pods can be accessed.
- StatefulSets: For applications with stateful data.
- Namespaces: Logical groupings of resources within a cluster.

Kubernetes Architecture

Kubernetes architecture is a layered system.
Control Plane: responsible for scheduling and managing the cluster's resources.
Worker Nodes: hosts for the Pods.
API Server: exposes the Kubernetes API, enabling communication between clients and the control plane.
Scheduler: responsible for assigning pods to worker nodes.
Controller Manager: watches for changes and ensures the desired state is maintained.
etcd: distributed key-value store that persistently stores the cluster's state.
kubelet: agent on each node responsible for managing containers on the node.
kube-proxy: network proxy that enforces network policies.

Service Discovery

Kubernetes services enable communication between pods without hardcoding IP addresses.
Service discovery is essential for applications that need to find each other.
Kubernetes uses DNS-like service names to resolve the IP addresses of pods.

Persistent Storage

Kubernetes can use various storage solutions, including local storage and cloud-based storage.
Persistent volumes provide persistent storage for applications.
Persistent volume claims request specific storage characteristics from the cluster.
Several storage providers are integrated in Kubernetes.

Networking in Kubernetes

Kubernetes networking helps manage pod-to-pod communication.
Network Policies: control communication between specific pods/services based on networking criteria.
Different types of services exist within the Kubernetes architecture:
- ClusterIP: services that only work internally in the cluster.
- NodePort: expose services on a specific port on each node.
- LoadBalancer: expose services using external load balancers.
- ExternalName: map service to an external DNS name.

Pod Management

Pods form the basic unit of deployment in Kubernetes.
Pods contain one or more containers, which together form the application.
Each pod has a unique IP address and container port mappings.
Kubernetes manages pod lifecycle in various ways.
Deployment manages how many instances of a pod should run in the cluster.
ReplicaSet ensures that a specific number of identical pods exists at all times.
StatefulSets ensure that pods follow a specific order without interference.
Kubernetes manages pod scaling dynamically based on demands.
Managing pod lifecycle (create, start, stop, restart) is fundamental to containerized application management.
Pod metrics and logging are critical for monitoring and troubleshooting pods.
Resource limits and requests are used in pod specifications to control CPU and memory usage.
Container images define application code and its execution environment, and are integral to pod operation.

Description

Test your knowledge on Kubernetes, an open-source platform for automating deployment and management of containerized applications. This quiz covers key components, architecture, and operational concepts critical for Kubernetes mastery.

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