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CKA Linux Foundation Kubernetes

• Kubernetes is an open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized application.

• It consists of various components that work together to orchestrate containerized workloads.

• Key components include:

  • Pods: Basic building blocks of Kubernetes, grouping one or more containers.
  • Deployments: Define how to run and manage pods.
  • Services: Define how pods can be accessed.
  • StatefulSets: For applications with stateful data.
  • Namespaces: Logical groupings of resources within a cluster.

Kubernetes Architecture

• Kubernetes architecture is a layered system.
• Control Plane: responsible for scheduling and managing the cluster's resources.
• Worker Nodes: hosts for the Pods.
• API Server: exposes the Kubernetes API, enabling communication between clients and the control plane.
• Scheduler: responsible for assigning pods to worker nodes.
• Controller Manager: watches for changes and ensures the desired state is maintained.
• etcd: distributed key-value store that persistently stores the cluster's state.
• kubelet: agent on each node responsible for managing containers on the node.
• kube-proxy: network proxy that enforces network policies.

Service Discovery

• Kubernetes services enable communication between pods without hardcoding IP addresses.
• Service discovery is essential for applications that need to find each other.
• Kubernetes uses DNS-like service names to resolve the IP addresses of pods.

Persistent Storage

• Kubernetes can use various storage solutions, including local storage and cloud-based storage.
• Persistent volumes provide persistent storage for applications.
• Persistent volume claims request specific storage characteristics from the cluster.
• Several storage providers are integrated in Kubernetes.

Networking in Kubernetes

• Kubernetes networking helps manage pod-to-pod communication.
• Network Policies: control communication between specific pods/services based on networking criteria.
• Different types of services exist within the Kubernetes architecture:
  • ClusterIP: services that only work internally in the cluster.
  • NodePort: expose services on a specific port on each node.
  • LoadBalancer: expose services using external load balancers.
  • ExternalName: map service to an external DNS name.

Pod Management

• Pods form the basic unit of deployment in Kubernetes.
• Pods contain one or more containers, which together form the application.
• Each pod has a unique IP address and container port mappings.
• Kubernetes manages pod lifecycle in various ways.
• Deployment manages how many instances of a pod should run in the cluster.
• ReplicaSet ensures that a specific number of identical pods exists at all times.
• StatefulSets ensure that pods follow a specific order without interference.
• Kubernetes manages pod scaling dynamically based on demands.
• Managing pod lifecycle (create, start, stop, restart) is fundamental to containerized application management.
• Pod metrics and logging are critical for monitoring and troubleshooting pods.
• Resource limits and requests are used in pod specifications to control CPU and memory usage.
• Container images define application code and its execution environment, and are integral to pod operation.

Test your knowledge on Kubernetes, an open-source platform for automating deployment and management of containerized applications. This quiz covers key components, architecture, and operational concepts critical for Kubernetes mastery.

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