CK-12: Ch. 7.1 DNA & RNA Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA → RNA → Protein

What discoveries led to the knowledge of DNA's structure and function?

DNA is the genetic material and has a double helix shape with two polynucleotide chains held together by bonds between complementary bases.

What are the three main types of RNA?

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and Transfer RNA (tRNA)

What do Chargaff's Rules state?

The concentration of adenine is about the same as thymine, and the concentration of guanine is about the same as cytosine within species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Copies genetic instructions from DNA and carries them to the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Helps form ribosomes, where proteins are assembled. Signup and view all the answers

What does transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

Brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein assembly. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Defines the flow of genetic information: DNA → RNA → Protein.
DNA contains the genetic instructions required for protein synthesis.
RNA transcribes and translates these instructions into proteins.

Discoveries Leading to DNA Structure

Research indicated DNA is the genetic material responsible for heredity.
Structure revealed as a double helix composed of two polynucleotide chains.
Complementary bases connect the two strands through specific bonding.

Structure and Types of RNA

RNA differs from DNA, primarily in structure and functions.
Three main types of RNA are:
- Messenger RNA (mRNA): Copies genetic instructions from DNA and transports them to the cytoplasm.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): Essential component of ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA): Delivers amino acids to ribosomes for protein formation.

Chargaff's Rules

Base concentration varies across species, but shows specific pairing within species.
Adenine concentration equals thymine concentration; guanine equals cytosine in the same species.

Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts from Chapter 7.1 of the CK-12 curriculum focusing on DNA and RNA. Participants will explore the central dogma of molecular biology and key discoveries that contributed to our understanding of DNA's structure and function.