Questions and Answers
What was the capital of the Aztecs?
What were the Aztecs known for in terms of agriculture?
Chinampas
The Mayans had a 365-day calendar.
True
At its height, which period did the Mayan civilization flourish?
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The Inca civilization was created in ______.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the Iroquois tribes?
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What does the acronym S.C.O.O.M stand for?
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What type of sails did the caravel use?
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Match the following terms with their significance:
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What was one of the major outcomes of the Columbian Exchange?
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What was the Pueblo Revolt also known as?
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Primogeniture means the eldest son ______.
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Who was Virginia named after?
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The Lost Colony of Roanoke left a written message on a post reading 'croatoan'.
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Study Notes
Aztecs
- Capital city: Tenochtitlan, known for its grand architecture and advanced society
- Transitioned from hunter-gatherers to settled agriculture, symbolized by an eagle on a cactus holding a snake
- Utilized chinampas, or floating gardens, for farming
- Population peaked at around 200,000, making it the largest empire in America
- Practiced polytheism, worshipping many gods including a significant sun god; human sacrifices were common
Mayans
- Prominent city-states included Tikal and Chichen Itza, celebrated for their stone pyramids
- Polytheistic religion influences governance through a theocracy, where political leaders derive authority from divine sources
- Key achievements: the development of a 365-day calendar and the invention of the concept of zero
- Engaged in extensive trade networks and practiced enslaved labor
- Civilization thrived between approximately 300 and 900 A.D.
Incas
- Largest of the early American civilizations, emerging around 1200 A.D.
- Spanned 3,000 miles along the western coast of South America
- Prized military service: men aged 25-50 drafted into the army for up to five years
- Population estimated at 6 million, supported by an expansive road system of 10,000 miles
- Innovations included rope bridges and quipus, a system of knots used for record-keeping
Iroquois
- A confederation of tribes in North America that significantly influenced colonial governance structures
S.C.O.O.M
- Acronym for the member tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy: Senecas, Cayugas, Oneidas, Onondagas, and Mohawks
Caravel
- A type of ship featuring triangular sails, designed to enable sailing into the wind more effectively
3 G's
- Motivational factors for exploration: God (religious expansion), Glory (national power and prestige), and Gold (economic gain)
The Columbian Exchange
- A monumental trade of goods between the New World and the Old World
- New World contributions: gold, silver, maize, potatoes, pineapples, tobacco, chocolate, and syphilis
- Old World contributions: wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, and diseases such as influenza, smallpox, scarlet fever, and measles
- Resulted in population growth and wealth increase in the Old World and significant ecological changes in the New World
Pueblo Revolt
- Also known as Pope's Rebellion; a response to Spanish repression of indigenous cultural practices
- Resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Europeans, including 21 priests, and led to the capture of Santa Fe by Native Americans
- Spanish returned 12 years later to quell the uprising
England Colonizing
- Motivations included the search for a northwest passage and economic changes driven by the enclosure movement
- Primogeniture laws dictated that the eldest son inherits family land, shaping land ownership and settlement patterns
- Mercantilism: the economic theory that increased gold/silver holdings equate to national power; aims for a favorable balance of trade
- Protestant Reformation spurred by Martin Luther's "95 Theses" emphasizing salvation through faith
England
- Virginia named in honor of Queen Elizabeth I, the "virgin queen"
- Virginia Dare recognized as the first American-born child of English parents
Roanoke
- Known as the "Lost Colony"; when English settlers returned from Europe, the settlement was mysteriously deserted
- The only clue left behind was the word "Croatoan" carved into a tree
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Description
Explore the rich histories of the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas through this informative quiz. From their architectural achievements to their unique religions and agricultural practices, discover the intricacies of these brilliant civilizations that shaped early American history.
