AP World History Unit 3 Review
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AP World History Unit 3 Review

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Questions and Answers

Which Native American civilization is known for its astronomical observations and pyramids?

  • Aztecs
  • Mayas (correct)
  • Incas
  • Moche
  • Who conquered the Mayan civilization?

    Spanish

    What was the primary crop grown by the Aztecs?

  • Barley
  • Corn (correct)
  • Wheat
  • Rice
  • What was the center of the Inca Empire?

    <p>Peru</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chinampas?

    <p>Floating gardens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What civilization influenced much of Mesoamerica and was claimed by the Aztecs?

    <p>Toltecs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula?

    <p>Bedouin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city is known as the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad?

    <p>Mecca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?

    <p>Declaration of faith, pray five times daily, give to charity, fast during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Quran represent in Islam?

    <p>The sacred text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Umma' refer to in Islam?

    <p>The Muslim community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Shari'a?

    <p>The divine law encompassing how Muslims are to live</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jihad mean?

    <p>A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sunni Muslims accept the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shi'ite Muslims regard Ali as the legitimate successor to Muhammad.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by Dar al Islam?

    <p>House of Islam, lands under Islamic rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'people of the book' refer to?

    <p>Christians and Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the head of the Roman Catholic Church?

    <p>Pope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Charlemagne known for?

    <p>Conquering most of Europe and being crowned Holy Roman Emperor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Black Plague?

    <p>A disease that killed about one-third of Europe's population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main impact of the Hundred Years War?

    <p>England lost all possessions in France except Calais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does feudalism refer to?

    <p>A political and social system with lords offering protection and land in return for service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is monasticism?

    <p>A way of life for men and women withdrawing from the world to devote to faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mesoamerican Civilizations

    • Mayas: Flourished in Mexico and Northern Central America until around 1600; known for astronomical observations, advanced calendars, hieroglyphics, and pyramids.
    • Aztecs: Established in the Valley of Mexico by 1300; engaged in warfare for conquest; practiced polytheism and human sacrifices to appease the sun god.
    • Incas: Notable civilization in western South America with a stronghold in present-day Peru; empire conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

    Notable Civilization Practices

    • Chinampas: Innovative floating gardens used by Aztecs for agriculture.
    • Moche Civilization: Flourished on the north coast of Peru from 200-700 CE, with advanced irrigation systems and brick temples.
    • Toltecs: Influential postclassic empire in central Mexico from 900 to 1168 CE, claimed as ancestors by the Aztecs.

    Islamic World

    • Bedouins: Nomadic pastoralists in the Arabian Peninsula; early adopters of Islam.
    • Mecca: Birthplace of Prophet Muhammad and central site of Islamic rituals.
    • Medina: City where Muhammad migrated in 622 CE to escape persecution; significant in Islamic history.
    • Kaaba: Most sacred shrine in Islam, located in Mecca, shaped like a cube.

    Founding of Islam

    • Muhammad: Founder of Islam, considered the last Prophet; received divine revelations from the angel Gabriel.
    • 5 Pillars of Islam: Core practices of the faith include declaration of faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
    • Quran: Sacred text composed of revelations given to Muhammad from 610 to 632 CE.

    Islamic Community and Governance

    • Umma: The global Muslim community extending from Mauritania to Pakistan.
    • Shari'a: Divine law derived from the Quran and Hadith, dictating all aspects of Muslim life.
    • Jihad: Holy struggle for moral, spiritual, or political goals.

    Division in Islam

    • Sunni: Major branch of Islam supporting the first four caliphs as rightful leaders.
    • Shi'ite: Branch that recognizes Ali as legitimate successor to Muhammad, rejecting earlier caliphs.

    Historical Context and Religious Impact

    • Dar al Islam: Refers to lands under Islamic rule.
    • "People of the Book": Term Muslims use for Jews and Christians, acknowledging their monotheistic beliefs.
    • Caliph: Religious and political successor to Muhammad in the Muslim community.
    • Sufis: Mystical group within Islam seeking closeness to God through various spiritual practices.

    Chinese Advances and Dynasties

    • Grand Canal: Major waterway linking the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers; crucial for trade and transport.
    • Equal Field System: Land allocation system in China based on fertility and need.
    • Empress Wu: Only woman to rule China in her own name; expanded the empire and promoted Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.
    • Neo-Confucianism: Fusion of Confucian and Buddhist ideas, maintaining a core Confucian philosophy.

    Innovations and Cultural Practices

    • Magnetic Compass: Invention aiding navigation by indicating direction.
    • Flying Money: Early form of credit in China, reducing risks of robbery during trade.
    • Foot Binding: Cultural practice in China to restrict women's movement by altering foot size.

    Japanese Feudal System

    • Feudalism: Political and social system where nobles offered land and protection in exchange for loyalty and service.
    • Shogun: Hereditary military leader in Japan.
    • Daimyo: Feudal lords in Japan commanding private armies of samurai.
    • Samurai: Warriors constituting Japan's feudal military aristocracy.

    Cultural and Religious Movements

    • Shinto: Japanese religion focusing on divine spirits in nature.
    • Zen Buddhism: Emphasizes meditation and intuition for enlightenment rather than faith.
    • Vikings: Seafaring people from Scandinavia known for raids across northern and western Europe (8th-10th centuries).

    European Historical Context

    • Norman Conquest: Events in 1066 where Norman forces invaded and ruled England.
    • Seljuk Turks: Nomadic group that conquered Baghdad in 1055; allowed the caliph to retain a religious role.
    • Eastern Orthodoxy: Branch of Christianity rejecting papal authority, significant in church history.

    Church and Society in Medieval Europe

    • Roman Catholic Church: Key branch of Christianity forming from the Roman Empire's division.
    • Pope: Leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
    • Patriarch: Heads of Eastern Orthodox Churches.
    • Iconoclast Movement: Controversy surrounding the use of religious images in worship.

    Key Figures and Events

    • Charlemagne: Frankish king who expanded his realm and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800.
    • Serfs: Peasants bound to the land, providing labor in exchange for protection.
    • Manor: Large estate ruled by a lord.
    • Fief: Land granted to vassals in exchange for loyalty.

    Chivalry and Guilds

    • Chivalry: Code of conduct for knights emphasizing bravery and loyalty.
    • Monasticism: Way of life where individuals withdraw to devote themselves to faith.
    • Syncretism: Blending of multiple religious traditions.
    • Guild: Medieval association of craftsmen or tradespeople.

    Renaissance and Wars

    • Florence: Renowned as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
    • Crusades: Military campaigns to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims (11th-13th centuries).
    • Pope Urban II: Called for the Crusades, urging Christians to reclaim the Holy Land.
    • Black Plague: Devastating disease that killed one-third of Europe’s population, leading to the decline of feudalism.
    • Hundred Years War: Prolonged conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453, ending English territorial claims.

    Social Issues

    • Anti-Semitism: Prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people.
    • The Great Schism: Division between papal authority and authority of the different Christian churches, leading to multiple claimants to the papacy.

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    Test your knowledge of key civilizations from Unit 3 of AP World History. This quiz covers pivotal cultures like the Mayas and Aztecs, focusing on their contributions and historical significance. Ideal for students preparing for exams or reviews.

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