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Questions and Answers
What is the primary interpretation of low per capita income in the Greed vs. Grievance model proposed by Collier and Hoeffler?
In the context of Fearon and Laitin's study, what does low per capita income primarily reflect?
According to Collier and Hoeffler, how does low per capita income affect the opportunity cost of joining a rebellion?
Which aspect do Fearon and Laitin emphasize when discussing the implications of low per capita income on civil war risk?
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What common finding do both Collier and Hoeffler, and Fearon and Laitin share regarding low per capita income and civil war risk?
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How does Collier and Hoeffler's theory explain the relationship between low per capita income and civil war risk?
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In the context of civil wars, what does Fearon and Laitin attribute to low per capita income?
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How do the models of Collier and Hoeffler differ from those of Fearon and Laitin in their focus?
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What underlying concept does the 'greed' model of conflict relate to according to Collier and Hoeffler?
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Which statement best reflects the implications of low per capita income in Fearon and Laitin's model?
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Study Notes
Comparison of Studies on Per Capita Income and Civil War
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Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler's Approach
- Emphasize the "Greed vs. Grievance" model, linking economic factors to the risk of civil war.
- Argue that low per capita income reflects limited economic opportunities, encouraging rebellion as an alternative income source.
- Use low income per capita as a proxy for the opportunity cost of joining a rebellion; lower incomes mean lower forgone earnings when choosing to fight.
- Empirical evidence indicates a strong correlation between lower per capita income and higher risk of civil conflict, suggesting economic deprivation motivates rebellion.
James Fearon and David Laitin's Approach
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Focus on Insurgency Feasibility
- View per capita income as an indicator of state capacity and effectiveness in governance.
- Argue that low per capita income signals weak institutions, inadequate policing, and ineffective territorial control, enabling insurgencies to take root.
- Differentiate their model by prioritizing state strength over individual economic motivations; low income reflects a state's inability to maintain stability and control.
- Find a significant link between low per capita income and civil war risk, interpreting it as a manifestation of state weakness instead of economic motives for rebellion.
Summary of Differences
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Interpretation of Low Per Capita Income
- Collier and Hoeffler: Associate low per capita income with a decreased opportunity cost for rebellion; portrays economic motivations as a primary driver.
- Fearon and Laitin: Link low per capita income to weak state capacity; emphasizes governance failure as a facilitator of insurgency.
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Role of Per Capita Income in Models
- Collier and Hoeffler: Utilize per capita income to gauge economic incentives driving individuals toward rebellion.
- Fearon and Laitin: Use per capita income to assess overall state strength and capacity to manage conflict.
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The contrasting theories reflect the broader debate between the economic motivations for conflict (Collier and Hoeffler) and the feasibility of insurgency stemming from state weaknesses (Fearon and Laitin).
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Description
Explore the differing interpretations and methodologies of Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler compared to James Fearon and David Laitin in their studies on per capita income's role in civil war. This quiz delves into their unique approaches, focusing on the greed versus grievance model and the economic factors affecting conflict.
