Chapter 14: Civil War Overview and Emancipation Proclamation

The first major battle of the Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861. The Confederate victory boosted Southern morale and confidence.

A military strategy employed by the Union during the Civil War. It aimed to strangle the Confederacy by blockading its ports and controlling the Mississippi River.

The first metal military boat, used by the Confederacy in response to the Union's blockade. Though rarely used, it revolutionized naval warfare.

A key figure in the Civil War, Union General Ulysses S. Grant was known for his numerous victories in the West, particularly his capture of New Orleans and his control of the Mississippi River. He was Lincoln's choice for top general.

The Confederate goal in the Civil War was primarily to survive and outlast the Union, hoping for British support due to their reliance on Southern cotton. However, Britain remained neutral.

The bloodiest battle of the Civil War, fought in Maryland in 1862. It resulted in over 23,000 American deaths in a single day. This victory paved the way for the Emancipation Proclamation.

The document signed by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declaring the freedom of slaves in Confederate states. This marked a turning point in the Civil War, shifting its focus to ending slavery. Notably, it did not apply to border states that remained loyal to the Union.

The act of fleeing from slavery, often towards Union lines. These "runaway slaves" were referred to as "contrabands" and played a crucial role in supporting the Union cause.

A brutal three-day battle fought in Pennsylvania in 1863. This was the biggest battle of the Civil War, with the Union ultimately winning. The Confederacy was never able to launch another full-scale invasion of the North after this loss.

A critical turning point in the Civil War, marking the Confederacy's loss and ending their chances of invading the North. Lincoln ordered Grant to attack in Virginia and used a more aggressive military strategy to secure victory.

Sherman's destructive path through Georgia in late 1864, destroying infrastructure and supplies, intending to cripple the Confederacy's capabilities.

A major naval battle in Mobile Bay, Alabama in 1864. This resulted in a significant Union victory, removing control of the Gulf of Mexico from the Confederacy.

The surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to the Union forces under General Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.

A pivotal amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery throughout the country. It officially ended the institution of slavery in America.

The complex and challenging process of reintegrating the Confederate states into the Union after the Civil War.

The tragic assassination of President Lincoln by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth, in 1865. This event plunged the nation into chaos and uncertainty.

The role of women in the Civil War was greatly expanded. They managed households, took on male jobs, and actively participated in the War Effort through nursing, volunteering, and supporting their families.

The economic and social hardships faced by the South during the Civil War. With a crippled economy, disrupted trade, and most of the male population fighting, the South saw widespread scarcity, starvation, and political turmoil.

The North's use of economic measures to support the war effort, such as raising taxes, printing money, and creating the IRS, significantly bolstering the Union's financial resources.

The opposition and resistance to the Civil War within the North, primarily due to the conflict over slavery and the war's impacts on the economy, labor force, and social fabric. This opposition fueled tensions, riots, and demonstrations, highlighting the complexities of the war's impact on society.