Civil War Chapter 2 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason Abraham Lincoln aimed to show firmness after his election?

To quell the fears of the Southern states about slavery (correct)

To persuade Congress to support his policies

To avoid any military conflict

To ensure Southern states remained loyal to the Union

What event marked the official beginning of the Civil War?

The formation of the Confederate States of America

Shots fired at Fort Sumter (correct)

Virginia's secession

Lincoln's election

Which state was the first to declare its secession from the Union after Lincoln's election?

Florida

South Carolina (correct)

Alabama

Virginia

Which of the following was NOT a border state during the Civil War?

Tennessee Signup and view all the answers

Which border state was crucial to the Union due to its geographical location?

Maryland Signup and view all the answers

Who was elected as the President of the Confederate States of America?

Jefferson Davis Signup and view all the answers

What was Alabama's initial role in the Confederate government?

To serve as the provisional seat of government Signup and view all the answers

What was Lincoln’s greatest priority during the early stages of the Civil War?

Preserving the Union Signup and view all the answers

What caused food shortages in many areas in the South during the war?

Control of river routes and railways by Northern armies Signup and view all the answers

What significant taxation measure was introduced in 1863 that affected farmers?

10% tax on all farm products Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the second Congress elected in 1863?

Increased criticism of Davis's government policies Signup and view all the answers

Which act was NOT passed by Republicans during the early years of the war?

The Voting Rights Act 1861 Signup and view all the answers

In the North, which group gained seats in the House of Representatives in 1862?

Democrats Signup and view all the answers

What coalition allowed the Republicans to maintain control of the House during the challenging war period?

Collaboration with the War Democrats Signup and view all the answers

What was formed in 1864 to help Lincoln run for office?

The National Union Party Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln perform in the 1864 elections?

Won in both popular and electoral college votes Signup and view all the answers

What major change did the 13th Amendment bring about in the United States?

Banned slavery throughout the entire country Signup and view all the answers

Why was the 14th Amendment created?

To provide equality under the law for black individuals Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the 15th Amendment?

It prohibited states from denying the right to vote based on race Signup and view all the answers

During which administration was the 13th Amendment accepted?

Andrew Johnson's Signup and view all the answers

What issue did the Black Codes specifically address in the Southern states?

Regulating the rights of freed slaves Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the 14th Amendment have on the representation of the Southern states in Congress?

It increased their representation by counting freed slaves as whole persons Signup and view all the answers

What methods did Southern states use to circumvent the voting rights granted by the 15th Amendment?

Imposing literacy tests and poll taxes Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary economic challenges faced by freedmen after the Civil War?

Finding stable employment Signup and view all the answers

What significant economic action did the federal government take to support the economy during the Civil War?

Establishment of a national railroad system Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Civil War on the Northern and Southern economies?

The Northern economy boomed while the Southern economy collapsed. Signup and view all the answers

Which act introduced conscription in the South during the Civil War?

The Conscription Act Signup and view all the answers

What was one way the Union sought to address workforce fears regarding conscription?

By recruiting freed slaves under the Militia Act. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Union treat individuals captured fighting for the South during the Civil War?

They were considered rebels and treated as traitors. Signup and view all the answers

What legal right did Lincoln suspend in 1861 to limit civil liberties during the war?

Habeas corpus Signup and view all the answers

What option did draftees in the South have instead of serving in the military under the Conscription Act?

They could pay $300 to avoid service. Signup and view all the answers

What was one characteristic of the Copperheads during the Civil War?

They opposed the war and the Lincoln administration. Signup and view all the answers

What event is associated with the Colfax Massacre in 1873?

Struggle between black Republicans and white former Confederates Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislation did President Grant fail to enforce?

Civil Rights Act of 1875 Signup and view all the answers

Which Supreme Court case resulted in the overturning of convictions against perpetrators of the Colfax Massacre?

United States v. Cruickshank Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason Grant did not prioritize the enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

It was unpopular and affected his re-election chances Signup and view all the answers

Which group opposed Radical Reconstruction and referred to themselves as 'Redeemers'?

Southern conservatives Signup and view all the answers

Which event indicated a growing challenge to the Republican Party in the mid-1870s?

Mid-term elections of 1874 Signup and view all the answers

What major distraction for the North contributed to the decline of Radical Reconstruction?

Economic instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Northern public's shift away from Radicalism post-1872?

Transfer of political power to Southern Democrats Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Immediate Cause of the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln, representing the Republican Party, won the 1860 election with 39% of the popular vote; no Southern state voted for him.
Following Lincoln's election, South Carolina seceded from the Union, soon followed by six additional Southern states, including Florida.
The Southern states formed the Confederate States of America, adopting their own Constitution and electing Jefferson Davis as President.
Lincoln assured Southern whites that he would not interfere with slavery where it existed but aimed to preserve the Union, ready to fight if needed.
Hostilities began when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, igniting the Civil War.
Virginia and three additional states chose to secede while West Virginia remained loyal to the Union.
Key border states included Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, important for both sides due to their strategic locations and divided loyalties.
Lincoln sought support from the border states, notably Maryland, which had a mixed population of free and enslaved African Americans and surrounded Washington, D.C.

Economic Changes and Outcomes

The federal government enhanced the economy by developing a national railroad system connecting different regions.
Implementation of the National Bank Act established a new banking framework, boosting the Northern economy while Southern economic structures collapsed.
The Civil War led to approximately 600,000 soldier casualties.
The year 1865 marked the passing of the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery in the U.S.

Limitations on Civil Liberties

The North considered secession a rebellion, treating Southern fighters as rebels rather than soldiers with rights as prisoners of war.
Civilian opinions varied, with Northern "Copperheads" opposing the war and some Southerners supporting the Union.
The South enacted conscription in April 1862 to compensate for its smaller population, mandating military service for white men aged 18-35 but providing exemptions.
In the North, the Enrollment Act of 1863 also included conscription with exemptions, leading to riots due to job security fears among white workers.
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in 1861 to curb dissent, which contributed to inflation and disruptions in transportation, leading to shortages.

Political Structures in the North and South

Southern politics lacked formal parties; the first elected Congress broadly supported Davis's administration.
In the North, political dynamics were robust with Republicans, Democrats, and smaller party candidates vying for control.
Important legislative acts during the North's Senate included the Morrill Tariff, the Homestead Act, and the Transcontinental Railroad Act, which aimed to enhance Republican interests.
The National Union Party was formed in 1864 to support Lincoln's presidency by uniting various political factions.

Amendments and Their Impact

The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and was ratified by 1865, crucial for preventing states from enacting their own laws.
The 14th Amendment granted equality under the law to black individuals and aimed to counter discriminatory Black Codes.
It increased representation in Congress for Southern states by counting freed slaves as whole persons.
The 15th Amendment established voting rights for all male citizens regardless of race but left room for Southern states to impose restrictions through literacy tests and poll taxes.

Reconstruction and Its Challenges

Ex-slaves faced immediate economic challenges following the Civil War.
The Colfax Massacre in 1873 was a pivotal violent confrontation during Reconstruction, reflecting the racial tensions and struggles for power in Louisiana.
Despite the Civil Rights Act of 1875 aiming to eliminate segregation, enforcement was weak, and Grant's administration did little to uphold it.
The Redeemers emerged as Southern leaders attempting to reclaim and redefine Southern identity post-Reconstruction, often undermining the gains made by African Americans.
The political landscape shifted during the 1872 elections, showing fractures in Republican unity and rising Democratic influence.
Distracted by western expansion and economic panics, the North gradually lost interest in pursuing Reconstruction efforts, signaling an end to radical reforms.

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Test your knowledge of the immediate causes of the Civil War, focusing on the pivotal events surrounding the Election of 1860 and the subsequent secession of Southern states. Explore the rivalry between Abraham Lincoln and the divided Democrats, and understand the implications of this election on the nation's history.