Chapter 9
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the key elements introduced in the CPR 1998 regarding case management?

  • The prioritization of cases based on their complexity
  • The duty to minimize court appearances
  • The introduction of a mandatory timeline for case resolution
  • The duty to manage cases actively (correct)
  • Which rule gives the court a broad range of case management powers?

  • r 3.4(2)
  • r 9.6
  • r 1.4
  • r 3.1(2) (correct)
  • In which scenario may a party’s statement of case be struck out?

  • If it is submitted digitally
  • If it presents a compelling argument
  • If it fails to comply with a court order (correct)
  • If it includes excessive legal jargon
  • What may be included in the consequences for a party not following the court's rules?

    <p>Imposition of sanctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which track is typically associated with small claims?

    <p>Small claims track (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a case management conference serve in intermediate and multi-track cases?

    <p>It provides a platform for case strategy discussions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a directions questionnaire in case management?

    <p>To collect information on the case for management purposes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the court need to consider when allocating a case to a particular track?

    <p>The complexity of the legal issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must parties explain if they have not complied with the Practice Direction on Pre-Action Conduct?

    <p>The reasons for their non-compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tracks can parties choose between during case management?

    <p>Fast, intermediate, and multi-tracks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way a party in default can obtain relief from a cost sanction?

    <p>By appealing against the order for costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criteria for allocating a case to a particular track?

    <p>The financial value of the claim in dispute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can parties agree to extend the time for compliance for up to 28 days?

    <p>Unless it risks any hearing date and with prior written agreement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If parties disagree on track allocation, what must they provide?

    <p>Their objections and reasons for the preferred track (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discretion does the court have when no formal application notice has been issued?

    <p>To grant relief without formal procedures based on initiative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sections of Part D deal with the complexity band of the case?

    <p>Sections 4, 5, and 6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the court consider when deciding to grant relief from a sanction?

    <p>The reason for the absence of a formal application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parties do if they have not reached an agreement about electronic document disclosure?

    <p>State the issues to be decided and propose a management conference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is required in section 9 regarding non-electronic documents?

    <p>Proposed directions for their disclosure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation demonstrates the court acting of its own initiative regarding relief from sanctions?

    <p>Granting relief with no prior notice to any party (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor the court considers if there is a dispute about track allocation?

    <p>The factors listed in rule 26.13(1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the court exercise its discretion in granting relief from sanctions?

    <p>Sparingly, considering potential prejudice to opposing parties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the absence of a formal application imply according to the court's discretion?

    <p>It may impair another party's ability to oppose relief (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum extension period for compliance agreed upon by the parties?

    <p>28 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the last direction typically require the parties to do upon settlement of a claim?

    <p>Inform the court immediately if the claim is settled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors the court considers when determining orders for disclosure?

    <p>The overriding objective and necessity of limited disclosure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an order related to disclosure that the court may consider?

    <p>Requesting an indefinite pause on disclosure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must parties do to vary the dates for a case management conference?

    <p>Make an application to the court (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can parties agree to vary directions regarding disclosure?

    <p>By written agreement for witness statements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order allows a party to disclose documents they rely on while requesting specific information from others?

    <p>Specific document request order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for the courts in relation to the disclosure process?

    <p>To ensure disclosure is limited to what's necessary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a party agreeing to vary matters that change essential trial dates?

    <p>The court may refuse to accept the variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be a consequence if a party fails to comply with court-imposed directions?

    <p>They may be deprived of the right to contest an issue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the norm regarding the exchange of witness statements?

    <p>They should be exchanged simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fast track cases, what is the usual requirement for expert evidence?

    <p>It should generally be given through written reports. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if the court believes certain issues are ready for trial?

    <p>The trial may proceed on the issues that are ready. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the court order regarding costs related to remaining issues?

    <p>Costs may not be allowed for later trial of remaining issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the court handle the postponement of trials?

    <p>It postpones for the shortest possible time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the court determine before allowing an expert to give oral evidence?

    <p>That it is necessary in the interests of justice to do so. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the court require regarding a single joint expert?

    <p>The appointment of a single joint expert may be ordered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the pre-trial checklist?

    <p>To ensure compliance with directions for trial scheduling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the pre-trial checklist be returned to the court according to the directions order?

    <p>No later than eight weeks before the trial date (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action will the court take if no party files a pre-trial checklist?

    <p>Any claims, defenses, or counterclaims will be struck out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must parties do prior to the trial regarding the trial bundle?

    <p>Agree on its contents and lodge it three to seven days prior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much notice does the court typically provide for a trial date?

    <p>Three weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if some parties file a pre-trial checklist but not all?

    <p>Normal listing directions or a hearing may occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contents should the agreed directions include?

    <p>Evidence, trial timetable, and trial bundle preparation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done with the pre-trial checklist before filing it with the court?

    <p>Exchange copies with the other parties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Case Management

    A principle in the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR 1998) requiring judges to actively manage cases to achieve justice efficiently.

    CPR 1998 (Civil Procedure Rules)

    A set of rules that govern how civil court cases in England and Wales are conducted.

    Statement of Case

    A document outlining the key points of the plaintiff's case, including claims, facts, and legal arguments.

    Striking out a Statement of Case

    The court's power to strike out a statement of case if it is deemed insufficient or lacking in merit.

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    Court Sanctions

    A court order imposing penalties on parties who fail to comply with procedural rules or deadlines.

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    Allocation

    A process by which a court allocates a case to a specific track based on its complexity, value, and other factors.

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    Directions Questionnaire

    The court's power to review and adjust the order of events, timelines, or case procedures.

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    Costs Management

    The process of managing the costs associated with a legal case through budgeting and control.

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    Relief from Sanctions without Application

    The court can grant relief from sanctions even without a formal application, either informally at a hearing or acting on its own initiative.

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    Sparing Relief from Sanctions

    The court's discretion to grant relief is exercised sparingly, particularly when there's no formal application and potential prejudice to other parties.

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    Extending Deadlines by Agreement

    Parties can extend deadlines for filing documents by agreement in writing, up to a maximum of 28 days, unless the court prohibits it or it would delay a scheduled hearing.

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    Appealing Cost Sanction

    If a sanction is the payment of costs, the only way to challenge it is by appealing the costs order.

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    Overriding Objective in Relief from Sanctions

    The court's discretion to grant relief from sanctions is exercised in line with the overriding objective of achieving a just outcome.

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    Appealing against Sanctions

    Parties can challenge a court order imposing sanctions by appealing against it.

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    Extending Deadlines with Consequences

    When a rule or order specifies a consequence for failing to comply, parties can agree to extend the deadline by up to 28 days, unless the court forbids it or it would delay a hearing.

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    Considerations for Relief from Sanctions

    The court considers factors like potential prejudice to opposing parties and the availability of evidence before granting relief from sanctions.

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    Pre-Action Protocols in Part C

    Part C of the questionnaire requires parties to confirm if they've followed pre-action protocols. If not, they must explain why.

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    Case Management Track in Part D

    Part D of the questionnaire addresses the case management track based on claim value. Parties must choose between fast, intermediate, or multi-track, and explain their reason if there's disagreement.

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    Claim Value for Track Allocation

    The financial value of the claim is the primary factor for choosing the case management track. This value excludes interest, costs, and any contributory negligence.

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    Complexity Band for Fast/Intermediate Tracks

    Cases for the fast or intermediate track may be assigned a complexity band based on its difficulty. Parties can agree on this, but the court has the final say.

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    Electronic Document Disclosure (Multi-Track)

    The multi-track requires parties to discuss electronic document disclosure and reach an agreement. If not, they must outline the issues and propose how to resolve them.

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    Non-Electronic Document Disclosure

    Regardless of the track, parties must outline their proposed approach to disclose non-electronic documents.

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    Purpose of the Questionnaire

    The questionnaire aims to ensure parties have followed appropriate pre-action conduct and prepared for case management, promoting efficient court processes.

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    Partial Trial

    The judge's decision to allow one or more issues to proceed to trial while others are delayed, for example, due to lack of readiness.

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    Witness Statement Exchange

    Exchange of witness statements is mandatory for evidence at trial, usually done simultaneously by both parties.

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    Joint Expert

    The court's ability to order a single expert for both parties, rather than allowing each party to appoint their own.

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    Trial Date is Sacrosanct

    The trial date is seen as highly important and parties must ensure they are ready by that date.

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    Costs for Postponed Trial

    The court may order that no costs will be allowed for a later trial of the remaining issues, or that those costs will be paid by the party in default.

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    Case Preparation Steps

    The court will assess what steps each party needs to take to prepare for trial, ensuring a timely process and sanctioning non-compliance.

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    Disclosure Order

    A court order that requires parties to disclose documents relevant to the case.

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    Overriding Objective

    The court uses this objective to ensure cases are handled fairly and efficiently, minimizing costs and unnecessary delays.

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    Varying Directions

    Judges have the power to adjust the course of a case, modifying deadlines, procedures, or even dispensing with certain steps, if necessary.

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    Types of Disclosure Orders

    The court can decide whether to require parties to disclose all documents, only those they rely on, or to provide disclosure based on specific issues.

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    Appealing Sanctions

    Parties can try to overturn a sanction by appealing the court's decision. However, this is usually limited to cost sanctions.

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    Pre-Trial Checklist

    A document used to ensure that court proceedings are ready for trial. It checks if the directions have been followed, and helps the court schedule the trial date.

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    Listing Directions

    The court uses this to confirm or set the date, duration, and location of the trial. It also sets directions for matters like evidence and preparing the trial bundle.

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    Trial Date/Period

    A specified time frame within which a trial must begin. This can be a single date or a period of time.

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    Trial Bundle

    A collection of essential documents needed for the trial, such as witness statements, evidence, and legal documents. The claimant is generally responsible for assembling this.

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    Listing Hearing

    The court may hold a hearing if a party fails to file a pre-trial checklist, files an incomplete one, or there are issues with the trial directions.

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    Consequences of Not Filing Pre-Trial Checklist

    If a party does not file a pre-trial checklist, the court might strike out their claim, defense, or counterclaim, unless they file it within seven days.

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    Exchanging Pre-Trial Checklists

    Parties are actively encouraged to share copies of the pre-trial checklist with each other before submitting it to the court.

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    Notice of Trial

    The court will normally give the parties at least three weeks' notice before the trial begins.

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    Study Notes

    Case Management and Allocation of Cases

    • Case management is a key element of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR 1998)
    • Rule 1.4 of CPR 1998 imposes a duty on the court to actively manage cases.
    • Part 3 of CPR 1998 provides the court with wide-ranging case management powers.
    • Rule 3.1(2) lists the court's powers, including extending deadlines, adjourning hearings, directing court procedures such as consolidating proceedings, and ordering attendance at court.

    The Court's Powers

    • The court can direct parts of proceedings to be handled as separate cases.
    • Cases can be consolidated.
    • Issues can be tried separately, or in a specific order.
    • Preliminary issues can be decided first.
    • Parties can be required to file costs budgets and participate in cost discussions.
    • The court can impose sanctions for non-compliance.

    Striking Out a Statement of Case and Other Sanctions

    • Rule 3.4(2) allows the court to strike out parts or all of a statement of case.
    • The court can strike out a statement of case if it has no reasonable grounds for bringing a claim or defending against one, disrupts the court process, or fails to follow court orders.

    Inadequate Statements of Case

    • Practice Direction 3A provides examples of inadequate statements of case.
    • These include claims without factual support (e.g., "money owed £5,000").
    • Defences that do not provide coherent factual reasoning are inadequate.

    Relief from Sanctions

    • Relief from sanctions is governed by rules 3.8 and 3.9.
    • Applications for relief should consider the overriding objective, any prior non-compliance, and the fairness of the circumstances.

    Allocation to a Track

    • Part 26 of CPR 1998 governs the allocation of cases to tracks (small claims, fast track, intermediate, or multi-track).
    • Allocation is primarily based on the monetary value of the claim.
    • Claims under £10,000 typically go to small claims; between £10,000 and £25,000 to fast track; between £25,000 and £100,000 to intermediate; and over £100,000 to multi-track.

    Case Management Conference

    • In multi-track cases, a case management conference is often held.
    • The conference aims to streamline case management.
    • Parties complete questionnaires (Directions Questionnaire Forms) to facilitate the conference.
    • Parties should be represented by someone fully conversant with the case for the conference to be successful.

    Costs Management

    • The court actively manages costs in multi-track cases.
    • Budgets for both past and future costs are prepared and reviewed (by individuals or lawyers).
    • Budgets are updated and may be subject to change.

    Case Summary

    • Case summaries are frequently used in multi-track cases
    • Case Summaries assist the efficient running of the case, and help to identify the issues, relevant facts, and appropriate evidence necessary to prepare for trial.

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