Civil Engineering Technical Terms

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Questions and Answers

What is the part of the slab bounded by the centreline of columns or center lines of adjacent spans called?

Brick masonry

Column head

Drop panel

Panel (correct)

What is the primary intention of a column head or capital?

To reduce the punching shear of the slab

To increase the height of the column

To reduce the load on the column

To increase the punching shear of the slab (correct)

What is masonry used for?

To construct roads and lawns

To construct electrical installations

To construct buildings using masonry units and mortar (correct)

To construct buildings using steel

What is the unit of measurement for plinth area?

Square meters (sqm) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a drop panel?

To increase the thickness of the slab in vicinity of supporting column Signup and view all the answers

What is the cost of building in Example 2.1?

Rs. 36,00,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the plinth area rate in Example 2.1?

Rs. 4,500 per sqm Signup and view all the answers

What is the total cost of the hospital building in Example 2.6?

Rs. 30,00,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the cost of construction per bed in Example 2.6?

Rs. 60,000 per bed Signup and view all the answers

What is the total cost of the hostel building in Example 2.7?

Rs. 22,50,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a retaining wall?

To resist the lateral pressure of soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a structure that spans a space while supporting weight?

Arch Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of roof structure that leans to one side of the house?

Pitched roof Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a culvert?

To channel water underneath a road or railway Signup and view all the answers

What is formwork used for in construction?

To create temporary or permanent moulds for concrete Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a wall that bears the weight and force of a structure?

Load bearing wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a handrail?

To provide stability or support Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a horizontal platform provided at the head of a series of steps?

Landing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Technical Terms

Retaining wall: a structure designed to resist lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil.
Aqueduct: a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water; in modern engineering, it refers to any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose.
Arch: a structure that spans a space while supporting weight.
Pitched roof: a roof structure where the roof leans to one side of the house.
Flat roof: a type of covering of a building that is horizontal or nearly horizontal.
Culvert: a device used to channel water, often used to allow water to pass underneath a road, railway, or embankment.
Formwork: the term given to either temporary or permanent moulds into which concrete or similar materials are poured.
Load bearing: a wall that bears the weight and force resting upon it, conducting the vertical load from the upper structure to the foundation.
Handrail: a rail designed to be grasped by the hand to provide stability or support.
Tread: the horizontal upper portion of a step.
Riser: the vertical portion of a step, representing the vertical distance between the horizontal surfaces of two consecutive steps.
Landing: a horizontal platform provided at the head of a series of steps.
Nosing: the outer projecting edge of a tread.
Flight: a series of steps provided between the landings.
Flat slab: a reinforced concrete slab supported directly over the columns without beams, often used when head room is limited.
Panel: the part of the slab bounded on each of its four sides by the centerline of columns or center lines of adjacent spans.
Drop: the drop panel is formed by increasing the thickness of the slab in the vicinity of supporting columns.
Column head: the column head or capital located by flaring of the column at the top, primarily intended to increase the punching shear of the slab.
Brick masonry: masonry structures built using masonry units and mortar.
Masonry wall: walls constructed using bricks and mortar.
Mortar: a material used to bond masonry units together.

Estimates of Buildings

Load Bearing and Framed Structures

Load bearing structures: problems on Plinth Area Method.
Plinth area rate: the cost of construction per unit area of the building.
Example 2.1: estimate of building project with total plinth area of 800 sqm and plinth area rate of Rs. 4500 per sqm.
Example 2: estimate of building with plinth area of 500 sqm and plinth area rate of Rs. 5000 per sqm.
Example 3: estimate of building with plinth area of 100 sqm and plinth area rate of Rs. 5000 per sqm.
Example 4: estimate of building with plinth area of 226 sqm, cost of structure of Rs. 2500 per sqm, and other provisions.

Cubical Content Method

Example 5: estimate of a proposed commercial complex for a municipal corporation with plinth area of 500m2/floor, height of each storey of 3.5m, and cubical content rate of Rs. 1000/m3.

Unit Base Method

Example 2.6: estimate of a hospital building for 50 beds with a cost of construction of Rs. 60,000 per bed.
Example 2.7: estimate of a hostel building for 150 students with a cost of construction of Rs. 15,000 per student.
Example 2.8: estimate of a single roomed building (load bearing type structure) using long wall and short wall method and center line method.