Civil Engineering Fundamentals

Study Notes

Discipline of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of physical infrastructure
Branches:
- Structural engineering: design of buildings, bridges, and other structures
- Transportation engineering: design of roads, highways, and airports
- Water resources engineering: management of water resources, including flood control and irrigation
- Geotechnical engineering: study of soil and rock behavior for foundation design and construction
Civil engineers work on projects such as:
- Building design and construction
- Infrastructure development (roads, bridges, airports)
- Water and wastewater management
- Environmental engineering (pollution control, waste management)

Branch of surveying that deals with the application of surveying techniques for engineering projects
Involves the measurement and mapping of physical features to support engineering design and construction
Methods used:
- GPS and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
- Total stations and electronic distance measurement (EDM)
- Levelling and precise levelling
- Photogrammetry and remote sensing
Engineering surveyors work on projects such as:
- Highway and railway design
- Building and bridge construction
- Mining and tunneling
- Environmental monitoring (monitoring of land subsidence, landslides, etc.)

Science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and environments through the process of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images
Used in various fields, including:
- Engineering (infrastructure planning, construction, and monitoring)
- Environmental monitoring (land use, land cover, and natural disasters)
- Agriculture (crop monitoring and management)
- Geology (mapping and monitoring of geological features)
Photogrammetric techniques:
- Aerial photography and aerial triangulation
- Stereo plotting and stereo models
- Orthophotography and digital elevation models (DEMs)
- Object-based image analysis and feature extraction

Deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of physical infrastructure
Involves four primary branches: structural engineering, transportation engineering, water resources engineering, and geotechnical engineering
Civil engineers work on projects such as building design and construction, infrastructure development, water and wastewater management, and environmental engineering

Applies surveying techniques for engineering projects
Involves measuring and mapping physical features to support engineering design and construction
Utilizes methods such as GPS and GNSS, total stations, levelling, photogrammetry, and remote sensing
Engineering surveyors work on projects such as highway and railway design, building and bridge construction, mining and tunneling, and environmental monitoring

Obtains reliable information about physical objects and environments through photographic images
Used in various fields, including engineering, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and geology
Involves techniques such as aerial photography, stereo plotting, orthophotography, and object-based image analysis
Applications include infrastructure planning, construction, and monitoring, as well as crop monitoring and management