Citric Acid Cycle and Keto Acid

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Questions and Answers

What is amino acid metabolism disorders linked to?

Respiratory diseases

Metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer (correct)

Neurological diseases

Infectious diseases

Which of the following is NOT a disease linked to amino acid metabolism disorders?

Cancer

Cardiovascular diseases

Immune diseases

Infectious diseases (correct)

What type of diseases are amino acid metabolism disorders linked to, besides metabolic diseases?

Infectious and oncological diseases

Neurological and respiratory diseases

Cardiovascular and immune diseases (correct)

Psychological and musculoskeletal diseases

Amino acid metabolism disorders are linked to which of the following group of diseases?

Metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and cancer diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary condition that amino acid metabolism disorders are linked to?

Metabolic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of keto acid in the citric acid cycle?

To provide energy for life activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the oxidation pathway?

Removal of the amino group by aminotransferase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of amino acid transporters (AATs)?

To facilitate the uptake of amino acids by cells or organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between amino acids and transporters?

Not matched at all Signup and view all the answers

What is formed from the combination of keto acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step in the urea cycle after the formation of glutamate?

Entry into the urea cycle Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary functions of structural elements in cells?

To facilitate normal cell growth and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ammonia in the body?

Part of the urea cycle Signup and view all the answers

What can ketone bodies be involved in?

Providing energy or synthesizing glucose and fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of energy sources in cells?

To support normal cell growth, differentiation, and function Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal metabolism of proteins?

Protein metabolism abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between structural elements and energy sources in cells?

They are complementary and work together to facilitate cellular processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lack of structural elements and energy sources in cells?

Cells will experience abnormal growth and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deamination of amino acids?

Production of ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of structural elements and energy sources in cells?

They are necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation, and function Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of defective amino acid processing in the body?

Hereditary metabolic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hereditary disorders?

Defective genes passed on from parents Signup and view all the answers

What can defects in protein folding lead to?

Different genetic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is affected in amino acid metabolism disorders?

Amino acid processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parents in hereditary disorders?

Passing on defective genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not properly processing amino acids in the body?

Hereditary metabolic disorders Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Keto Acid and Citric Acid Cycle

Keto acid, a product, enters the citric acid cycle to provide energy for life activities.
Keto acid can also be converted into other compounds, such as ketoglutaric acid, which is used to synthesize glutamate and enter the urea cycle.

Amino Acid Transporters and Metabolism

Amino acids are taken up by cells or organelles through the participation of amino acid transporters (AATs).
Different amino acids rely on specific AATs, but they are not one-to-one matched.
Amino acids are structural elements and energy sources of cells, necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation, and function.
Amino acid metabolism disorders have been linked to various pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer.

Protein Abnormalities and Metabolism Disorders

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and have multiple functions in the body.
Metabolism of protein abnormalities can indicate hereditary disorders that affect how proteins are processed in the body.
These disorders can result from defects in amino acid breakdown or the body's ability to transport amino acids into cells.
Amino acid metabolism disorders are hereditary metabolic disorders that occur when amino acids are not properly processed in the body.
Hereditary disorders occur when parents pass on defective genes to their children, causing these disorders.