30 Questions
What is a unique aspect of fructose metabolism?
It is metabolized at a slower rate than glucose
What is a unique aspect of fructose metabolism?
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
What is the primary reason for decreased metabolic energy in poorly perfused areas exposed to chronic hypoxia?
Decreased ATP production and increased glucose utilization
What is the liver metabolite of alcohol that is associated with a genetic variation in an enzyme?
Acetaldehyde
What type of reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme that uses inorganic phosphate?
Phosphorylation
What is a characteristic of anaerobic glycolysis in poorly perfused areas?
Increased glucose utilization
In a tissue that metabolizes glucose via the pentose phosphate pathway, where would C-1 of glucose be expected to end up principally?
Phosphoglycerate
How many ATPs are derived when glucose is converted to lactate by anaerobic glycolysis?
2
Which of the following statements is incorrect about the condition when one molecule of glucose is oxidized to 2 molecules of lactate during anaerobic glycolysis?
Two molecules of ATP are produced by the Glyceraldehyde -3-P dehydrogenase reaction
What is the equivalent of ATPs derived when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 by glycolysis, Pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the TCA cycle?
38
Which of the following is not a reason for Lactic Acidosis?
Congenital deficiency of liver lactate dehydrogenase
What is the primary cause of Lactic Acidosis in cases where there is not enough oxygen to satisfy the needs of oxidative phosphorylation?
Increased anaerobic glycolysis
What is the purpose of reducing pyruvate to lactate?
To regenerate NAD+
What occurs under anaerobic conditions in relation to pyruvate?
Pyruvate is reduced to lactate
What step is not involved in the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate?
Oxidation of NADH to NAD+
What is the result of the oxidation of 3 mol of glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway?
3 mol of pentose, 6 mol of NADPH, and 3 mol of CO2
How many ATP molecules can be derived from each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs' Cycle?
12
Why is phosphofructokinase rather than hexokinase the pacemaker of Glycolysis?
Because it is the rate-limiting step in Glycolysis
Which enzyme uses NAD+ and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrates?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
What is the product of the enzyme that catalyzes the first substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
3-phosphoglycerate
Which statement about the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction is true?
The enzyme converts NADH to NAD+
What determines whether a cell oxidizes glucose by aerobic glycolysis or by anaerobic glycolysis?
Oxygen pressure and the number of mitochondria
What is the substrate of the enzyme that catalyzes the second substrate level phosphorylation of glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Which enzyme is not involved in the glycolytic pathway?
Phosphofructokinase
Which citrate function is related to fatty acid synthesis?
Required in the synthesis of fatty acids in the cytoplasm
Which of the following is NOT a favorable regulator for gluconeogenesis from pyruvate?
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Which metabolic pathway is found exclusively in the cytosol?
Pentose phosphate pathway
Why is it crucial to feed the baby soon after birth?
To compensate for low phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Why can't humans utilize cellulose as a source of glucose?
We lack the enzyme necessary for hydrolyzing the beta-1,4 O-glycosidic linkages
What is the primary function of oxaloacetate?
Participates in the TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis
Test your knowledge of the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis, including the roles of various molecules and regulators in these processes. Identify the correct statements about the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids.
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