Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary industrial applications of citric acid?
Which of the following describes the environmental significance of tartaric acid in polymer synthesis?
In what way has citric acid been utilized in high-tech coatings?
What property do tartaric-acid based polyesters gain after deprotection?
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What unique capability do tartaric-acid based polyurethanes exhibit?
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What is one method used to synthesize tartaric-acid based polyesters?
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What distinguishing feature do liquid crystalline polymers incorporating tartaric acid possess?
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Which statement about the production of saturated and unsaturated oligomers from citric acid is true?
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How does tartaric acid contribute to the development of shape-memory materials?
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The yearly industrial production of citric acid exceeds a million tons.
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Tartaric acid is a more expensive compound compared to citric acid.
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Citric acid is used as a plasticizer for proteins in tissue engineering.
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Liquid crystalline polymers containing tartaric acid have both chiral and achiral spacings.
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The polymerization of natural amino acids does not generate proteins.
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Citric acid is exploited in a variety of areas, including food and drink additives, cleaning and chelating agents, cosmetics and ______.
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The synthesis of biodegradable polycarbonates involves the use of anhydroalditols and optically-active hydrophilic aliphatic ______.
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Tartaric-acid based polyesters are synthesized through the polytransesterification of OH-protected dimethyl tartrate with aliphatic ______.
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After deprotection, tartaric-acid based polyesters become soluble in polar solvents, including ______.
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An original approach to synthesis involved appending tartaric acid to ______ backbones to create shape-memory materials.
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Study Notes
Citric Acid
- Yearly industrial production exceeds one million tons, marking it as a widely available commodity.
- Applications include food and drink additives, cleaning agents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as a plasticizer in starch modification.
- Used in synthesizing oligoesters and biodegradable polyesters for tissue engineering.
- Recent focus on its role as a co-monomer for isosorbide-based polyesters, enhancing high-tech coatings with terminal free COOH groups.
Tartaric Acid
- Another common, low-cost natural compound, highlighting its relevance in polymer research.
- Recent studies explore its use as a monomer for biodegradable polycarbonates using anhydroalditols and optically-active hydrophilic polyamides.
- Capable of producing supramolecular stereocomplexes and polyurethanes with free COOH side groups, leading to materials that degrade hydrolytically under physiological conditions.
- Liquid crystalline polymers containing tartaric acid exhibit unique properties due to combined chiral and achiral spacings.
Synthesis Approaches
- Innovative synthesis methods involve attaching tartaric acid to polyurethane backbones to create shape-memory materials.
- Tartaric-acid based polyesters produced through the polytransesterification of OH-protected dimethyl tartrate and aliphatic diols yield materials with controlled hydrophilicity.
- Deprotected, highly hydroxylated polyesters dissolve in polar solvents, including water, enhancing their application potential.
Protein Utilization
- Polymerization of natural amino acids results in proteins, indicating a connection between amino acids and polymer synthesis.
- Unique scenarios arise when amino acids serve as sources for polymers other than their native polyamides, with examples like L-lysine and L-phenylalanine.
- A green synthetic approach allows the creation of hyperbranched poly(ester urethane)s from D,L-alanine through an isocyanate-free process.
- Core–shell star polymers developed using this strategy mimic unimolecular reverse micelles, enabling them to act as nanocarriers for molecule transport between aqueous and organic phases.
Citric Acid
- Yearly industrial production exceeds one million tons, marking it as a widely available commodity.
- Applications include food and drink additives, cleaning agents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as a plasticizer in starch modification.
- Used in synthesizing oligoesters and biodegradable polyesters for tissue engineering.
- Recent focus on its role as a co-monomer for isosorbide-based polyesters, enhancing high-tech coatings with terminal free COOH groups.
Tartaric Acid
- Another common, low-cost natural compound, highlighting its relevance in polymer research.
- Recent studies explore its use as a monomer for biodegradable polycarbonates using anhydroalditols and optically-active hydrophilic polyamides.
- Capable of producing supramolecular stereocomplexes and polyurethanes with free COOH side groups, leading to materials that degrade hydrolytically under physiological conditions.
- Liquid crystalline polymers containing tartaric acid exhibit unique properties due to combined chiral and achiral spacings.
Synthesis Approaches
- Innovative synthesis methods involve attaching tartaric acid to polyurethane backbones to create shape-memory materials.
- Tartaric-acid based polyesters produced through the polytransesterification of OH-protected dimethyl tartrate and aliphatic diols yield materials with controlled hydrophilicity.
- Deprotected, highly hydroxylated polyesters dissolve in polar solvents, including water, enhancing their application potential.
Protein Utilization
- Polymerization of natural amino acids results in proteins, indicating a connection between amino acids and polymer synthesis.
- Unique scenarios arise when amino acids serve as sources for polymers other than their native polyamides, with examples like L-lysine and L-phenylalanine.
- A green synthetic approach allows the creation of hyperbranched poly(ester urethane)s from D,L-alanine through an isocyanate-free process.
- Core–shell star polymers developed using this strategy mimic unimolecular reverse micelles, enabling them to act as nanocarriers for molecule transport between aqueous and organic phases.
Citric Acid
- Yearly industrial production exceeds one million tons, marking it as a widely available commodity.
- Applications include food and drink additives, cleaning agents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as a plasticizer in starch modification.
- Used in synthesizing oligoesters and biodegradable polyesters for tissue engineering.
- Recent focus on its role as a co-monomer for isosorbide-based polyesters, enhancing high-tech coatings with terminal free COOH groups.
Tartaric Acid
- Another common, low-cost natural compound, highlighting its relevance in polymer research.
- Recent studies explore its use as a monomer for biodegradable polycarbonates using anhydroalditols and optically-active hydrophilic polyamides.
- Capable of producing supramolecular stereocomplexes and polyurethanes with free COOH side groups, leading to materials that degrade hydrolytically under physiological conditions.
- Liquid crystalline polymers containing tartaric acid exhibit unique properties due to combined chiral and achiral spacings.
Synthesis Approaches
- Innovative synthesis methods involve attaching tartaric acid to polyurethane backbones to create shape-memory materials.
- Tartaric-acid based polyesters produced through the polytransesterification of OH-protected dimethyl tartrate and aliphatic diols yield materials with controlled hydrophilicity.
- Deprotected, highly hydroxylated polyesters dissolve in polar solvents, including water, enhancing their application potential.
Protein Utilization
- Polymerization of natural amino acids results in proteins, indicating a connection between amino acids and polymer synthesis.
- Unique scenarios arise when amino acids serve as sources for polymers other than their native polyamides, with examples like L-lysine and L-phenylalanine.
- A green synthetic approach allows the creation of hyperbranched poly(ester urethane)s from D,L-alanine through an isocyanate-free process.
- Core–shell star polymers developed using this strategy mimic unimolecular reverse micelles, enabling them to act as nanocarriers for molecule transport between aqueous and organic phases.
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Description
Explore the multifaceted uses of citric acid, ranging from food additives to roles in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Understand its production scale and significance in industrial applications, including its emerging role in tissue engineering as a chemical modifier. This quiz covers the diverse applications and scientific relevance of citric acid.
