Citing Sources with In-text Citations and References

In-text Citations

• General format: Author(s) (Year, p. Page Number)
• One author: (Smith, 2020, p. 12)
• Two authors: (Smith & Johnson, 2020, p. 12)
• Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2020, p. 12)
• No author: ("Title," 2020, p. 12)
• Multiple sources: (Smith, 2020, p. 12; Johnson, 2020, p. 15)

End-text References

• General format: Author(s). (Year). Title. Publisher.
• Book: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Journal article: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Book chapter: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.

Book Citations

• One author: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Two authors: Smith, J., & Johnson, K. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Three or more authors: Smith, J., Johnson, K., & Thompson, R. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Edited book: Johnson, K. (Ed.). (2020). The Oxford handbook of psychology. Oxford University Press.
• Translated book: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology (R. Johnson, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 2015)

Journal Article Citations

• One author: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Two authors: Johnson, K., & Thompson, R. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Three or more authors: Johnson, K., Thompson, R., & Smith, J. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Online article: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20. doi: 10.1037/jes0000123

Video Citations

• YouTube video: Smith, J. (2020, January 10). The history of psychology [Video]. YouTube.
• Online video: Johnson, K. (2020, February 20). The effects of climate change [Video]. Vimeo.

Email Citations

• Email: Smith, J. (2020, January 10). Re: The history of psychology [Email].

Website Citations

• Website: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Retrieved from
• Online article: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Retrieved from

Book Chapter Citations

• One author: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.
• Two authors: Smith, J., & Johnson, K. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.
• Three or more authors: Smith, J., Johnson, K., & Thompson, R. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.

Citation Formats

• In-text citations: Author(s) (Year, p. Page Number)
  • One author: (Smith, 2020, p. 12)
  • Two authors: (Smith & Johnson, 2020, p. 12)
  • Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2020, p. 12)
  • No author: ("Title," 2020, p. 12)
  • Multiple sources: (Smith, 2020, p. 12; Johnson, 2020, p. 15)

Book Citations

• One author: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Two authors: Smith, J., & Johnson, K. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Three or more authors: Smith, J., Johnson, K., & Thompson, R. (2020). The history of psychology. Routledge.
• Edited book: Johnson, K. (Ed.). (2020). The Oxford handbook of psychology. Oxford University Press.
• Translated book: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology (R. Johnson, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 2015)

Journal Article Citations

• One author: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Two authors: Johnson, K., & Thompson, R. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Three or more authors: Johnson, K., Thompson, R., & Smith, J. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20.
• Online article: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Journal of Environmental Science, 10(2), 12-20. doi: 10.1037/jes0000123

Video Citations

• YouTube video: Smith, J. (2020, January 10). The history of psychology [Video]. YouTube.
• Online video: Johnson, K. (2020, February 20). The effects of climate change [Video]. Vimeo.

Email Citations

• Email: Smith, J. (2020, January 10). Re: The history of psychology [Email].

Website Citations

• Website: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Retrieved from [Website URL]
• Online article: Johnson, K. (2020). The effects of climate change. Retrieved from [Website URL]

Book Chapter Citations

• One author: Smith, J. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.
• Two authors: Smith, J., & Johnson, K. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.
• Three or more authors: Smith, J., Johnson, K., & Thompson, R. (2020). The history of psychology. In J. Johnson (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology (pp. 12-20). Oxford University Press.