Citation and Quotation Basics
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Questions and Answers

What are two characteristics of writing that emphasizes grammar, syntax, and flow?

It uses linking words and transitional phrases, and it shows logical connections.

How does literal phrasing differ from figurative language?

Literal phrasing expresses ideas directly and explicitly, avoiding metaphors and idioms.

Provide an example of a transitional phrase that indicates contrast.

'However' is an example of a transitional phrase indicating contrast.

Explain the purpose of using literal phrasing in academic contexts.

<p>The purpose is to provide clear and unambiguous information for better understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the example 'The temperature of the water was measured at 100°C' illustrate?

<p>It illustrates the use of literal phrasing to convey factual information precisely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a quotation, and why is it important in academic writing?

<p>A quotation is the exact reproduction of someone else's words enclosed in quotation marks. It is important for presenting original ideas accurately and providing authority to the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define citation and explain its purpose in academic composition.

<p>A citation is a reference to the source of information or ideas in writing. Its purpose is to give credit to the original author and guide readers to the source material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main features of a proper citation?

<p>Key features of a proper citation include identifying the author, the publication year, and the source title. Additionally, it must adhere to specific citation styles like APA or MLA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three main citation styles mentioned and a key characteristic of each.

<p>APA is used in psychology and sciences, MLA is used in the humanities, and Chicago is used in business and history. Each has a unique format for referencing sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between structural phrasing and literal phrasing.

<p>Structural phrasing focuses on the organization and logical relationship of ideas in a text, while literal phrasing involves direct reproduction of text without modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using block quotes in academic writing?

<p>Block quotes are used to present longer excerpts of text clearly and distinctly, emphasizing important information from the source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would you choose to use a quotation instead of paraphrasing?

<p>You would use a quotation when the author's wording is crucial, precise, or particularly authoritative for your argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to follow formatting rules for citations?

<p>It's essential to follow formatting rules for citations to ensure accuracy, maintain academic integrity, and allow readers to locate sources easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Quotation

A precise reproduction of someone else's words.

Citation

Reference to a source of information.

APA Citation Style

Citation style used in education, psychology, and sciences.

MLA Citation Style

Citation style used in humanities.

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Literal Paraphrasing

Restating an idea in your own words, maintaining meaning.

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Structural Paraphrasing

Re-organizing idea structure while keeping core meaning.

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Structural Phrasing

Organizing ideas clearly and logically in a sentence or paragraph.

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Chicago/Turabian Citation Style

Citation style for business, history, and fine arts.

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Formal Writing Style

A writing style that emphasizes clear and precise language, focusing on grammar, syntax, and logical connections.

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Linking Words

Words or phrases that connect ideas and show relationships between sentences or paragraphs.

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Transitional Phrases

Similar to linking words, but longer phrases that help the reader smoothly transition between ideas.

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Literal Language

Using words in their most direct and straightforward meaning, avoiding metaphors or figurative language.

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Technical Writing

Writing that focuses on clear and accurate communication of technical information, often using literal language.

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Study Notes

Citation and Quotation

  • Quotation: A precise reproduction of someone else's words. Enclosed in quotation marks for short excerpts, or formatted as a block quote for longer excerpts.
  • Purpose of Quotation: Directly presents author's language, ideas, or insights (particularly noteworthy, precise, or authoritative ones).
  • Key Features of Quotation: Exact word-for-word match to original text, with quotation marks for short quotes, or indentation for block quotes (longer than 40 words in APA or 4 lines MLA), and always accompanied by a citation.
  • Example of Quotation: "Effective communication is the backbone of successful teamwork" (Smith, 2020)

Citation

  • Citation: Reference to the source of information (quoted, paraphrased, or summarized).
  • Purpose of Citation: Give credit to the original author, build credibility, and help readers locate the source material.

Citation Styles

  • APA Style: Used in education, psychology, and scientific fields. Format: Author's last name, year, and title of work.

  • Example in APA: Tang, F. (2014). Alzheimer's disease in young adults .

  • MLA Style: Used in humanities. Format: Author's name, title of the source, and publication year.

  • Example in MLA: Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. MacMurray, 1999.

  • Chicago/Turabian Style: Used in business, history, and fine arts. Format: Author's last name, Title of the book, (publisher, publication year), page numbers.

  • Example in Chicago: Albert Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity (Princeton University Press, 1923), 44–45

Structural and Literal Paraphrasing

Structural Phrasing

  • Definition: Focuses on how ideas connect in a text; aims for a clear and logical structure.
  • Purpose: Improves clarity, coherence, and readability by showing the relationship between parts of the writing.
  • Characteristics: Emphasizes grammar, syntax, and flow; often uses linking words (e.g., therefore, however, in contrast) to specify relationships between ideas.
  • Example: "Due to increased urbanization, cities face challenges like overcrowding and environmental degradation."

Literal Phrasing

  • Definition: Expresses ideas directly, without metaphorical or figurative language.
  • Purpose: Provides clear and unambiguous information, often used in technical or formal settings.
  • Characteristics: Avoids idioms, metaphors, abstract expressions; prioritizes precision and factual accuracy.
  • Example: "The water's temperature was measured at 100°C, indicating the boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure."

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Test your knowledge on the essentials of citation and quotation. This quiz covers definitions, purposes, key features, and examples of quotations and citations, including various styles like APA. Perfect for students looking to enhance their writing skills!

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