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Questions and Answers
What percentage of the total course mark do tutor-marked assignments count for?
30%
What percentage of the total course mark does the final examination count for?
70%
How many tutor-marked assignments are required to be submitted in total?
The best three marks out of the four assignments count for 30% of the course marks. Each assignment is individually worth ______%.
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What is the main purpose of the CIT 217 course?
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The CIT 217 course is designed to cover approximately twenty weeks.
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What are the two types of assignments in CIT 217?
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The third module in CIT 217 deals with block structured languages and specification and translation of ______ language.
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What is the process of identifying errors and eliminating them known as?
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Syntax error and logical error are collectively known as features.
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Sequential programming is when the algorithm to be solved consists of operations one after the ____.
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What are the two important aspects of a programming language that one needs to learn?
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Match the following common names for input/output functions with their corresponding functions:
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What is programming?
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Programmers need basic facilities and tools such as text editors, compilers, and interpreters to design, develop, and maintain computer programs.
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What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?
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A program design is needed to write programs of reasonable ________.
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Match the following program development life cycle phases with their descriptions:
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What is the purpose of a decision structure/selection structure in an algorithm?
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Which logical operators are used in pseudo-codes for testing conditions?
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The __________ statement is used to test for true or false in pseudo-codes.
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In a selection structure, if the condition is false, Task-B is executed.
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What is the purpose of using an else statement with an if statement?
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Study Notes
Course Overview: CIT 217 - Foundations of Sequential Programming
- The course is a three-credit unit course divided into three modules, covering eight units.
- The course aims to introduce students to the principles of programming languages, computer architecture, and programming language specification and translation.
Module 1: Principles of Programming
- Unit 1: Principles of Programming
- Introduces the basic principles of programming in high-level languages
- Covers program design and specification, sequential program structure, and classification of programming languages
- Unit 2: Evolution of Programming Languages
- Discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine language to high-level languages
Module 2: Computer Architecture
- Unit 1: Basic Machine Architecture
- Introduces basic computer architecture models and microprocessor and memory systems
- Unit 2: Data Storage in Computer
- Covers data storage and representation in computer systems
- Unit 3: Operations on Data
- Discusses operations on data, including logical, shift, and arithmetic operations
- Unit 4: Machine Instructions
- Covers machine instructions, instruction formats, and addressing modes
Module 3: Block Structured Languages and Programming Language Specification
- Unit 1: Block Structured Languages
- Introduces block structured languages, including programming language paradigms and subprograms
- Unit 2: Specification and Translation of Programming Languages
- Covers programming language specification, syntax, and semantics, and programming language translators (assemblers, compilers, and interpreters)
Course Objectives
- Explain the relationships between high-level languages and computer architecture
- Describe the models of computer architecture
- Explain how data is stored and processed in computer systems
- Understand the basic principles of programming in high-level languages
- Explain the evolution of programming languages
- Describe the specification and translation of programming languages
Course Assessment
- Assignments (30% of total course marks)
- Final examination (70% of total course marks)
- Tutor-marked assignments (four assignments, best three marks count)
Course Materials
- Course Guide
- Study units
- Recommended texts
- Assignment file
Study Tips
- Create a study schedule and stick to it
- Organize your study materials and follow the course structure
- Review the objectives for each study unit to confirm understanding
- Consult your tutor when needed### Foundations of Sequential Programming
- This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of computer programs and how computer systems process them.
Importance of Continuing Assignments
- Do not wait for the return of an assignment before starting on the next unit.
- Keep to the schedule and pay attention to the tutor's comments on the assignment.
Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials
- The course provides 15 hours of tutorials.
- Tutors will mark and comment on assignments, monitor progress, and provide assistance.
- Students can contact tutors by telephone or email for help.
Circumstances for Seeking Help
- If students do not understand any part of the study units or assigned readings.
- If they have difficulty with self-tests or exercises.
- If they have a question or problem with an assignment or its grading.
Attending Tutorials
- Attend tutorials to have face-to-face contact with the tutor and ask questions.
- Prepare a question list before attending tutorials.
Course Objectives
- Understand the fundamental concepts of computer programming.
- Acquire basic knowledge of program structure and basic computer architecture.
- Develop skills in designing and writing simple computer programs.
Principles of Programming
- Programming is the process of developing a series of instructions to be given to a computer to perform a specific task.
- Computers do not understand natural language and require programming languages.
- A programmer requires basic facilities and tools, such as text editors, compilers, interpreters, and diagnostic tools.
Program Design and Specification
- Program design applies to the development of computer programs.
- A program specification is part of a system specification, which defines the whole system.
- The aims of program design are reliability, maintainability, readability, performance, and storage saving.
Program Development Life Cycle
- The program development life cycle is a set of steps used to develop a program.
- The steps are:
- Problem definition
- Problem analysis
- Algorithm development
- Coding and documentation
- Testing and debugging
- Maintenance
Sequential Program Structures
- Sequential programming is when the algorithm to be solved consists of operations one after the other.
- Sequential program structures are forms in which program components are constructed, organized, and interrelated.
- The main features of the computer are still visible in features of the programming language, including storage, input and output, operation on data, and control.
Storage
- Computers require a set of instructions and data to be stored in their memory to perform a specific task.
- In programming languages, data are identified by name rather than by their location addresses in main storage.
- The names that associate stored data values are called identifiers.### Identifiers and Variables
- An identifier is a constant if it is always associated with the same data value
- A variable is a symbolic name assigned to a data item by the programmer, and its associated data value can change during a computing process
- A variable must be declared, stating its data type and value
- Examples of data types include integer, real, Boolean, and character or string
Data Declaration
- A data declaration defines a variable, specifying its name and data type
- Implicit declaration occurs when the compiler determines the data type without explicit definition
- Explicit declaration occurs when the programmer explicitly defines the data type
- Examples of declaration:
Float A, B;
Input and Output
- Programming languages have special functions for dealing with input and output
- Examples of input/output functions:
input,read,get,accept,output,write,print,put,display - In Java,
System.outrefers to the standard output device, andSystem.inrefers to the standard input device
Operations on Data
- Operations on data items are expressed in the form of statements
- The assignment statement consists of a variable name, followed by the assignment operator (=), followed by an expression
- Examples of assignment statements:
- Initialize a variable:
count = 0 - Increment/decrement a counter:
count = count + 1 - Accumulate values:
sum = sum + item - Capture the result of a computation:
y = 3*x + 4 - Swap two values:
t = x; x = y; y = t
- Initialize a variable:
Control Structures
- Control structures include sequence, selection, and repetition structures
- Sequence structure: a series of steps executed in order
- Selection structure (decision structure): choose between two or more alternatives based on a condition
- Example:
If condition is true then do Task-A else do Task-B
- Example:
- Repetition structure: repeat a set of steps until a condition is met
- Examples:
Repeat-Until,While,Forloops
- Examples:
Selection Structure
- The selection structure (decision structure) involves making a choice between two or more alternatives based on a condition
- If-else statements are used to implement the selection structure
- Example:
If mark >= 80 then display "distinction" else if mark >= 60 then display "merit" else if mark >= 40 then display "pass" else display "fail"
Repetition Structure
- Repetition structures include
Repeat-Until,While, andForloops -
Repeat-Untilloop: repeat a set of statements until a condition is true- Example:
REPEAT ... UNTIL condition
- Example:
-
Whileloop: repeat a set of statements while a condition is true- Example:
WHILE condition DO ... ENDWHILE
- Example:
-
Forloop: repeat a set of statements for a specified number of iterations- Example:
FOR (initialization, stopping condition, increment) ... ENDFOR
- Example:
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Description
This course guide covers the foundations of sequential programming, including concepts and principles of programming.
