CIT 1006 Chapter 2: Internet Infrastructure

Study Notes

CIT 1006 course, Chapter 2 focuses on Internet Infrastructure.
Objectives of the chapter include describing the types of websites, eCommerce, and steps involved in Web publishing.
The Internet links businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals globally.
Web pages utilize graphics, animation, audio, video, virtual reality, and plug-ins.
E-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging, chat rooms, VoIP, newsgroups, message boards, and FTP are integral to Internet usage.
Netiquette rules ensure courteous online communication.

The Web comprises a global collection of electronic documents (Web pages).
A website is a group of related web pages and associated items.
Web servers deliver requested web pages to clients' computers.
Web 2.0 websites allow user interaction.
Web pages display links to other pages.
Downloading is the process of receiving information from the Web.
Certain pages may be specifically developed for mobile browsers.
Unique addresses (URLs) identify each Web page.
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) have protocol, host name/address, and resource location components.
URLs consist of protocol, domain name, path, and optionally query string, and fragment.
Protocols like HTTP and HTTPS are crucial for accessing web pages.
The "www" often helps denote the Web domain.
The ".com" or ".org" suffix, for example, denotes the domain name.
Specific sections of a URL, e.g., "path", often determine the exact file's location on a server.
Query strings enable users to specify the details for the pages being accessed.
Anchors provide links to specific parts of a webpage.
Web browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari, Chrome) facilitate web access.
There are various types of websites, including e-commerce, educational, and community forums.

URLs have specific components, separated by defining symbols.
Protocol (e.g., http://, https://) dictates how the resource will be accessed.
Domain name (e.g., "www.example.com") identifies the web server.
Path defines the exact location of the resource on the server (e.g., "/index.html").
Query strings or parameters provide additional information for the resource.
Fragments or anchors refer to specific sections within the resource.
A variety of web page formats including dynamic content, which changes each time a request is received, exists.

Multimedia combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, or virtual reality.
Formats for graphics include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF.
Audio can include music, speech, or other sounds.

E-commerce is business transactions conducted online.
M-commerce occurs using mobile devices.
E-commerce models include business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C).
E-retail involves specific steps for customer purchases.
Email is a messaging system transmitting messages via a network.
A mailing list provides a group of email addresses for broadcasting or subscription.
Instant messaging facilitates real-time communication.
Chat rooms are online forums.
VoIP allows voice communication over a network.
News groups offer discussion areas for specific subjects.
Message boards are online discussion forums.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows file uploads and downloads.
Netiquette comprises rules for acceptable online behavior.

Search engines and subject directories are common search tools.
Search engines locate information tied to a specific topic.
Subject directories organize web pages by category.
Search operators (e.g., +, -, OR, *) enhance search effectiveness.
Examples of commonly used search operators include combining words or excluding words.

Web publishing encompasses the creation, design and maintenance of web pages.
Steps for web publishing are involved, including website planning, analysis and design, development, deployment and ongoing site maintenance.
Different types of websites (e.g., e-commerce, educational, and community forums) exist.
Multimedia components, such as graphics (PNG, JPEG, GIF, etc.), audio, video, and animation, enhances web pages.
Criteria exist for evaluating the accuracy of information on the Web.
No single authority governs all information posted on the internet.
Thumbnail images are smaller versions of larger ones that are used to provide a quick visual of images or photos.
Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence